期刊名称：CIRIEC-España, Revista de Economía Pública, Social y Cooperativa
印刷版ISSN：0213-8093
电子版ISSN：1989-6816
出版年度：2017
期号：90
页码：103-121
语种：Spanish
出版社：Centre International de Recherches et d'Information sur l'Economie Publique, Sociale et Coopérative
摘要：El entorno de alta competitividad que existe en los mercados agroalimentarios ha incrementado notablemente la presión sobre todos los agentes que operan en ellos. En el caso de las cooperativas, debido posi- blemente a su reducida dimensión empresarial, esta cuestión reviste especial importancia puesto que aboca a estas entidades a adoptar cambios que mejoren su competitividad y aseguren la supervivencia. Existe un buen número de trabajos que analizan el papel de distintos aspectos de gestión sobre la competitividad de las empre- sas en general, sin embargo no se ha abordado el grado de importancia relativa de dichos elementos. El objetivo de este trabajo es establecer una jerarquía en una serie de aspectos de gestión empresarial que inciden en el éxito y competitividad de las cooperativas agroalimentarias. Para ello se ha realizado una consulta a expertos mediante el método Delphi a fin de obtener un orden de importancia percibida por parte del sector. Los resultados obteni- dos señalan a la orientación al mercado y a la innovación como los elementos más destacados por los expertos de cara a mejorar la competitividad actual de las cooperativas agroalimentarias españolas.
其他摘要：Objectives The environment of high competitiveness that exists in agro-food markets has significantly increased the pressure on all the agents that operate in them. In the case of cooperatives, possibly due to their small business size, this issue is of particular importance as it encourages these entities to adopt changes that pursue to improve their competitiveness, ensuring therefore their survival. There is a good number of papers that partially analyze the role of different aspects of management on the competitiveness of cooperatives (Juliá et al., 2012; Arcas, 2002; Moyano et al., 2008; among others). In previous work, we have selected a set of six elements of management that are crucial to the competitiveness of agrifood cooperatives, they are known as DIDIFO, which stands for Dimension (size) – Internationalization – Diversification – Innovation – Formation (training) – (market) Orientation (Lajara & Server, 2016). The contribution to a better performance in companies is undoubtable but the degree of relative importance among these elements had not yet been addressed. What is more relevant for a cooperative in order to increase its competitiveness, to improve its size or to diversify its portfolio? The objective of this work is to establish a hierarchy those aspects of business management that affect the success and competitiveness of agro-food cooperatives. Method This question could only be answered using a qualitative approach. For this work, an expert con- sultation has been carried out using the Delphi method in order to obtain an order of importance per- ceived by the sector. A number of experts were selected and grouped according to their relationship to cooperatives: representative associations, local government, universities and cooperative staff. They were asked to order the factors as well as to include any other aspect they found interesting related to the topic. The questionnaire was sent by e-mail and two rounds of consultation were needed to achieve a degree of consensus and stability. Results 28 valid answers were collected after the second round. In this phase, either consensus or stabi- lity was achieved in all the questions. Results permit to formulate a proposal of hierarchy even if experts could not agree on a unique order. Both market orientation and innovation have been pointed as the most outstanding elements by experts in order to improve the current competitiveness of Spanish agro- food cooperatives. Diversification occupies the second place in the ranking, followed by size, interna- tionalization and training. There is consensus in the positions of market orientation and diversification and in the rest of the factors, there is such level of stability that shows that answers would not change in following rounds. Conclusions Market orientation and innovation are elements that have been proposed by consensus as the most relevant when it comes to encouraging competitiveness. This result is consistent with the current stream of management in which the need to satisfy not only the customer but the market is high. In addition, in a sector such as agro-food in which commodities abound, it is vital to seek differentiation and one of the most effective ways to achieve this is innovation...
关键词：Cooperativas agroalimentarias; competitividad; formación; innovación; internacionalización; orientación al mercado; Delphi.
