摘要：El propósito de este trabajo es comprender el rito fúnebre mapuche del descanso desde una perspectiva ontológica y ritual. A partir de materiales etnográficos obtenidos entre 2010 y 2015 en cuatro comunidades mapuche de la comuna de Panguipulli (Región de Los Ríos de Chile), se desarrolla un análisis relevando el papel conspicuo de los ancestros ( alwe ) y el carácter procesual de la experiencia mortuoria en el mundo mapuche. Considerando el discurso exhortativo ( amulpüllün ) y el sacrificio de un ave ( kare kare ) realizados en el rito, se argumenta que mediante su ejecución se produce una “muda ontológica” en el püllü (espíritu) del difunto. Respecto de las materialidades asociadas al rito –denominadas igualmente descanso y cuyo referente último lo constituye un árbol–, luego de atender a las relaciones entre humanos, y entre humanos y no humanos que suscitan, se plantea su carácter de morada del püllü en su regreso al colectivo como ancestro.
其他摘要：The aim of this research is to comprehend the Mapuche funeral rite of descanso (rest) from an ontological and ritual perspective. Based on ethnographic materials obtained between the 2010 and 2015 from four Mapuche communities in the Panguipulli county ( Los Ríos Region, Chile ), an analysis is developed concerning the eminent role played by the ancestors (alwe) and the procedural features of the mortuary experience in the Mapuche world. Considering the exhortative discourse ( amulpüllün ) and the sacrifice of a bird ( kare kare ) performed in the rite, it is argued that by means of its realization an “ontological change” takes place in the püllü (spirit) of the deceased. In respect of the material aspects associated to the rite –equally named as descanso (repose) and whose ultimate precedent is a tree–, and then attending to the relationships between human beings, and between humans and non humans that arise, the dwelling characteristic of the püllü is contemplated on its return to the group as an ancestor.
