The present study aimed to investigate the discriminant predictability of the sense of coherence and the Big Five personality traits based on mental health. A correlation analysis indicated a significant correlation between the sense of coherence and Big Five personality traits. Moreover, hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that the sense of coherence is associated with mental health, even after controlling for the influence of the Big Five personality traits. The results of the present study suggest that consideration of the relation between the sense of coherence and mental health, in isolation from the Big Five personality traits, is worthwhile.