摘要：The 3D LAMINART model of 3D vision and figure-ground perception is used to explain and
simulate a key example of the Venetian blind effect and to show how it is related to other
well-known perceptual phenomena such as Panum’s limiting case. The model proposes
how lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and hierarchically organized laminar circuits in cortical
areas V1, V2, and V4 interact to control processes of 3D boundary formation and surface
filling-in that simulate many properties of 3D vision percepts, notably consciously seen
surface percepts, which are predicted to arise when filled-in surface representations are
integrated into surface-shroud resonances between visual and parietal cortex. Interactions
between layers 4, 3B, and 2/3 in V1 and V2 carry out stereopsis and 3D boundary
formation. Both binocular and monocular information combine to form 3D boundary
and surface representations. Surface contour surface-to-boundary feedback from V2
thin stripes to V2 pale stripes combines computationally complementary boundary and
surface formation properties, leading to a single consistent percept, while also eliminating
redundant 3D boundaries, and triggering figure-ground perception. False binocular
boundary matches are eliminated by Gestalt grouping properties during boundary
formation. In particular, a disparity filter, which helps to solve the Correspondence Problem
by eliminating false matches, is predicted to be realized as part of the boundary grouping
process in layer 2/3 of cortical area V2. The model has been used to simulate the
consciously seen 3D surface percepts in 18 psychophysical experiments. These percepts
include the Venetian blind effect, Panum’s limiting case, contrast variations of dichoptic
masking and the correspondence problem, the effect of interocular contrast differences
on stereoacuity, stereopsis with polarity-reversed stereograms, da Vinci stereopsis, and
perceptual closure. These model mechanisms have also simulated properties of 3D neon
color spreading, binocular rivalry, 3D Necker cube, and many examples of 3D figure-ground
separation.
