标题：سنجش سطح دانش مدیریت بحران مدیران محلی روستایی با تأکید بر زلزله مطالعة موردی: دهستان گشت، شهرستان سراوان
其他标题：Measuring crisis management knowledge level between rural local administrator with emphasis on earthquake (Case study: Gosht County in Saravan province)
摘要：بلایای طبیعی در طول تاریخ جزء گزیرناپذیر زندگی انسان بوده‌اند و در میان آنها زلزله از مخرب‌ترین بلایا در جهان و ایران به‌شمار می‌آید. این بلای طبیعی سالانه خسارت‌های جانی و مالی بسیاری به مناطق روستایی کشور ـ‌که آسیب‌پذیری‌شان بیشتر از مناطق شهری است‌ـ وارد می‌آورد. مدیران بهره‌مند از دانش و آگاهی می‌توانند نقشی اساسی در مدیریت بحران‌های طبیعی مانند زلزله داشته باشند و آسیب‌های ناشی از آن را به‌حداقل برسانند. مدیریت محلی آگاه به اصول، مهارت‌ها و شیوه‌های مدیریت بحران در روستاها، نقش جدی در کاهش آثار بلایای طبیعی خواهد داشت. مطالعة حاضر با هدف بررسی میزان دانش مدیریت بحران میان مدیران محلی مناطق روستایی (دهیاران و شوراها) انجام شد. برای رسیدن به هدف پژوهش از روش‌شناسی توصیفی‌ـ‌تحلیلی ازطریق شیوة مطالعة اسنادی و پیمایشی برای پاسخگویی به پرسش تحقیق در منطقة روستایی دهستان گشت استفاده شد. به‌منظور تجزیه و تحلیل، از آزمون T برای مشخص‌کردن میزان دانش مدیریت بحران بین مدیران محلی و از مدل تصمیم‌گیری چندشاخصة الکتره (ELECTRE) برای اولویت‌بندی روستاهای منطقه براساس سطح دانش مدیریت بحران مدیران محلی استفاده شد. نتایج نهایی تحقیق نشان می‌دهند که براساس آزمون T، میانگین آمارة آزمونِ هیچ‌کدام از شاخص‌ها بالاتر از میانگین مطلوب نیست و سطح دانش مدیریت بحران میان مدیران روستاهای مطالعه‌شده پایین‌تر از حد متوسط است. نتیجة اولویت‌بندی مدیران محلی روستاها نیز نشان داد که روستاهای گشت، اله‌آباد و کسوری به‌ترتیب بالاترین سطح دانش مدیریت بحران را درمقایسه با سایر روستاها دارند و سطح دانش مدیریت بحران تقریباً نزدیک به متوسط است.
其他摘要：Introduction Earthquake is one of the most important risk and natural disaster in the world and Iran country that its occurrence causes to human, financial and social damages. Therefore, natural disasters happening such as earth quake and like that are changes in environmental condition that disrupt ordinary trend of people life, have a destroying affect on human settlement and Imposes economic, social and environmental damage on communities. Beside, rural area is most vulnerable spaces in faced of natural disaster especially, in front of earth quakes. Local management in rural area as a closest level of administration and management to rural people could play main and vital role in reduction of disasters damages and crisis mitigation. But, important point about it is having enough knowledge for crisis management process. Thus, knowledge and awareness is one of the main indexes that could help local managers in rural crisis management. Local management confused in disaster occurrence time, because of lake of knowledge and cognition about crisis management. With regard to increasing damages of natural event in rural area, Dehyars and rural councils will facilitate implementation of vulnerability reduction plans and increase rural community’s safety. Based on this, the key purpose of this study is measuring the level of crisis management knowledge among rural local managers in Gosht rural district as an Earthquake Prone region along Saravan fault in south east of Iran.MethodologyGosh city is central part of Saravan County in Sistan and Baluchestan province and Gosht rural district lay among Saravan and Khash counties. This region is one of the most earth quake prone areas that placement on Saravan fault line is the main reason of this seismic potentials. Sample community had selected by statistical information and amount of destruction in last disasters especially in 1392 earthquake of Saravan. The purpose of this study is analyzing the crisis management knowledge level in local administrator. For this purpose and answering to question of study descriptive- analytic methodology through of document- survey approach, had been used in Gosht County as a case study of rural areas. Our case study community selected based on amount of humanistic and financial damages that reported in documents. Finally the number of 16 rural had been chosen for this regard. Also, T- Test of statistic method had chosen for determining the level of crisis management in rural local administrator and the rural ranking was done by ELECTRE technique decision making models. ELECTRE is a family of multi-criteria decision analysis methods that originated in Europe in the mid-1960s. The acronym ELECTRE stands for: Elimination ET Choix Traduisant la Realité (Elimination and Choice Expressing Reality). The method was first proposed by Bernard Roy and his colleagues at SEMA consultancy company. Bernard Roy was called in as a consultant and the group devised the ELECTRE method. As it was first applied in 1965, the ELECTRE method was to choose the best action(s) from a given set of actions, but it was soon applied to three main problems: choosing, ranking and sorting. The method became more widely known when a paper by B. Roy appeared in a French operations research journal. The MCDM techniques are the practical and comprehensive method for ranking the alternative based on quantities and qualities indexes. Among these models, ELECTRE by using of parity comparison of alternative and extracting the most effective alternative, rank they based the selected indexes.Results and discussion The main goal of this study was, determining the level of crisis management knowledge among local administration and Based on final result, no one of alternatives aren’t in good condition at case study rural and the crisis management knowledge are in low level relative of medium amount in case study county. Based on crises management knowledge variables, the amount of T calculated and finding show that rural dahyars and council crisis management knowledge and awareness is so weak in rural spaces. The final ranking result show that the disaster management knowledge Based on variable of crisis management knowledge in different time stage of disaster (before, among and after), in Gosht, Allahabad and Kasury are better than the other case study rural and is nearby to medium level. Also, the local management of Hampani, Dadshah ababd, Hoot abad, and Gidbast has a lowest level of knowledge about that. The result show that in present condition, the awareness and local skills about disaster must be improved in rural area and among Dehyars and council. Conclusion Nowadays, the frequency of natural hazard cause to so many disaster and damages in rural areas and for resolving the problem of them, the local leaders and administrator must be learned about the crisis management knowledge and train it to the local community. There aren’t so many studies about this topic, but, the result of this study show that, the level of this knowledge is so low among local administrator. The rural local readers need to increase the level of crisis knowledge and training it to the other vulnerable people of rural.
