标题：Spațiul rural și agricultura – elemente organice ale economiei medievale: direcții și teme de cercetare [ Rural Space and Agriculture – Enduring Components of Medieval Economy: Research Currents and Tasks ]
摘要：Rural landscape and medieval communities have often been regarded as being mainly static, belonging to some “traditional”or unchanging past. This stereotype point of view can be rejected, by regarding the agriculture as a dynamic process, where the mainroles were held by nature, rural landscape and ecological space and the individual with his concerns, feelings and experiences,permanently balancing between stability, change, resilience, crisis and innovation. The daily routine and the medieval man’s concernto provide food, structured its relationship with the environment, as well as inter-community relations. The knowledge regarding cropsand plants, soils and climate were complemented by skills and experience in agriculture, metalwork and tool manufacture, all thesebeing placed in a natural, anthropogenetic and socially distinct environment.The present study stands for an introduction to an intricate analysis of the medieval rural world of the Eastern Carpathianarea. Such an article meets the necessity of an enlarged database, as it takes into consideration information provided by corroboratingdisparate and often anachronistic or confusing archaeological and historical data. Medieval rural research started quite late inRomania, in the second half of the 19th century, when a few studies were published by ethnologists, linguists and agronomists. It was onlytowards the middle of the 20th century, when the rural areas started to be archaeologically investigated but without substance and consistency.In our country, elements of "everyday life" and agricultural-space organization were briefly discussed, the research being tainted bythe lack of historical sources (written sources and archaeological research). Our historical and archaeological data cannot be compared tothe situation in other European countries and, moreover, what we have has not been exploited enough. In addition, such a topicrequires the use of a very large range of information provided by several complementary fields of research, interdisciplinarity beinginstrumental in this case.Nowadays, topics related to human inter-relations, individual and communal mentality, food and culinary practices, hygiene,education, culture and religious practices, ordinary and eschatological fear, archaic landscape and the ecology of daily medievallandscape, are a constant presence in European scientific circles and research programs. In many academic centers of Europeimportant monographic works and studies were published, on topics such as: rural territory organization and structure of countrysidecommunities, paleoclimatology, agricultural landscape and the ecology of rural settlements, commercial networks and centers ofproduction, culinary art, etc.
关键词：rural space and communities; medieval agriculture; Moldavian territory; livestock culture; growing crops;agricultural tools; interdisciplinarity.
