标题：Efectos de la crisis económica de 2008 sobre el empleo en las cooperativas andaluzas: un estudio del impacto provincial mediante el análisis shift-share
期刊名称：CIRIEC-España, Revista de Economía Pública, Social y Cooperativa
印刷版ISSN：0213-8093
电子版ISSN：1989-6816
出版年度：2017
期号：91
页码：175-201
语种：Spanish
出版社：Centre International de Recherches et d'Information sur l'Economie Publique, Sociale et Coopérative
摘要：Durante la reciente crisis económica, las cooperativas instaladas en la comunidad autónoma de Andalucía han demostrado ser una opción estratégica de desarrollo territorial con mayor estabilidad en el empleo frente a otras formas jurídicas empresariales. Este comportamiento es una consecuencia de su capacidad para actuar como elemento dinamizador y de adaptación a las singularidades de los territorios sobre los que actúa. Sin embargo, del análisis a nivel provincial efectuado en esta investigación se constata un comportamiento diferenciado, debido en gran medida a la existencia de diferencias socioeconómicas entre ellas. En este trabajo se propone la utilización de la metodología shift-share para determinar sus desigualdades. Su capacidad para analizar la evolución de variables económicas en función de las características territoriales ha justificado su utilización en los análisis de desigualdad interregionales. Asimismo se ha completado el análisis con la aplicación de los modelos predictivos denominados constant share y constant shift. Los resultados muestran diferencias sectoriales provinciales respecto al nivel de comunidad autónoma, tanto en su vertiente de cambio estructural como cambio diferencial o de competitividad regional. Asimismo, los modelos de predicción aplicados a la evolución del número de cooperativas constatan el mantenimiento de las mismas en el tiempo.
其他摘要：From the beginning of the 2008 economic crisis, several authors have suggested the need to support territorial growth initiatives by establishing incentives for local businesses. This includes incentives aimed at facilitating funding and business modernization; implementing new technologies; industrial design; improving technological quality, research and development, as well as supporting their internationalization. Within this business network, the contribution of social economy entities to the development of territories must be stressed. On the one hand, because of its capacity to create quality jobs; on the other hand, because of its ability to overcome situations of economic crises, responding more efficiently to the changes taking place in their environments. Thus, social economy entities have developed a rather intense activity in the process of region revitalization. The reasons to account for this fact include those connected to client proximity, their social dimension, through the prioritization of the labor factor over the capital factor, as well as their degree of efficiency in management, as a result of the labor factor’s active participation. The ability of social economy entities to revitalize territories, as well as their need to adapt to the singularities of those territories, justify the need to carry out quantitative studies on their territorial impact. This is why this paper’s main goal is to analyze employment in social economy entities, by activity sectors at the provincial level in the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia. The references to social economy entities are framed within the definition established by Article 2 of the 5/2011 Law, passed on March 29th. More precisely, they are defined as economic and business entities whose aim is the collective interest of their members, the general economic or social interest, or both at the same time. In addition, Article 5 provides the following classification: cooperatives, mutual benefit societies, foundations, associations, workforce-owned companies, social insertion companies, special employment centers, fishermen’s guilds, agricultural processing companies. This classification is not closed, since other entities could be considered as long as they are ruled by the principles of people and the social good having priority over capital, applying results according to the work carried out by its members, solidary promotion at an internal level and towards society, and independence from public authorities...
