摘要：In developing countries, making of a public policy features resolutions ofproblems entrenched in policy community and policy network. Its formulationdoes not only require decisions taken only from the highest authority but alsoincludes enticement and involvement of many new actors bringing inadditional actors and inducements important for a policy design. The paperattempts to study making of public policy in developing countries. Followingthe dominant model bureaucratic politics, various approaches, their policydesigns, tools of policy, integration and involvement of actors, their discourserelated to their policy communities and their networks of policy are studied tounderstand and learn lesson and important elements necessary forformulation of a policy. Further, reasons for loopholes and failures in publicpolicy formulation have been elaborated by studying the case of Pakistan. Inconclusion, the way forward for positive policy outcomes has been detailed byhighlighting the concept of citizen participation and focusing on four focalareas of process, quality, structure and politics required for practicing andimplementing policies in theory and practice.
关键词：Public Policy Making; Developing Countries; Model of;Bureaucratic Politics; Citizen Participation; Process
