期刊名称：Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
印刷版ISSN：2307-0331
电子版ISSN：2312-9824
出版年度：2016
期号：5
页码：76-94
出版社：ISEDT RAS
摘要：Population ageing is a major demographic challenge for the majority of developedand developing countries. The implications of population ageing are not reduced to purelyeconomic aspects (increasing the burden on the working population, growing deficit of pensionfunds) and they lead to a change in people’s attitude toward the elderly as a social group, theresource potential of which should be disclosed, the task being of major importance for any“ageing” country. At the same time, a priority of population policy in any country is to increaselife expectancy of its citizens. Thus, given the forecast reduction in demand on the labor marketand possible raise of the retirement age in Russia, authorities at all levels focus not just onthe increase in life expectancy, but on active longevity of its citizens, which is reflected in themaintenance of physical and moral health of man for as long as possible. The paper investigatesdeterminants of active longevity. The first part of the paper provides statistical analysis ofprevalence of this phenomenon in various regions of the world and Russia. The authors drawa conclusion that here the role of geographical and climatic conditions on a global scale isinsignificant. However, it is revealed that the number of long-livers in the vast majority of cases isdirectly proportional to the level of socio-economic development of the territory. The second partof the paper presents the results of sociological research on the determinants of active longevitybased on interviews with long-livers in Vologda. The data obtained show that among the factorsunder consideration it is not the biological (genetic) or geographic factors that are of the greatestimportance to the increase in life expectancy, rather it is the behavioral factors such as physicalactivity, balanced nutrition and a correct day regimen, absence of bad habits, involvement insocial activities and extensive social environment, high labor activity. The revealed “secrets” oflongevity are not specific recommendations, they rather represent the elements of the style andlifestyle of an individual on the whole, the compliance with which may significantly increasethe chances of survival to older ages and help retain physical and mental activity.
关键词：active longevity; long-livers; population ageing.
