Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is commonly linked to muscle weakness and metabolic abnormalities which increase healthcare costs. The study was undertaken to investigate if low handgrip strength, as a marker of muscle weakness, is associated with hyperglycemia and/or DM in Brazilian subjects. In a cross-sectional design, 415 individuals of both sexes (46.7% male) were interviewed by a questionnaire and the DM diagnostic was self-reported. Anthropometric measurements, such as weight, height, body mass index (BMI), arm circumference, mid-arm and calf circumference and handgrip strength, were obtained by trained nutritionists. Blood glucose concentrations were determined by portable monitor analysis. Student's t-test was applied to compare DM cases with non-diabetic individuals, and logistic regression analysis was performed to verify the odds for becoming diabetic or having altered glycemia and p < 0.05 was considered as significant. From 415 subjects, 9.2% (n = 35) were classified as DM. DM patients had significantly higher age, BMI, casual glycemia and lower handgrip strength and normalized (to body weight) handgrip strength (NHS) when compared with non-diabetic patients. Individuals with low NHS have 2.7 odds ratio to DM without adjustment for covariate (crude model, p = 0.006) and have 2.7 times higher the likelihood of DM than individuals with high NHS after adjusting for age (model 1, p = 0.006); however, this association disappeared after further adjusting for sex. In conclusion, low handgrip strength normalized or not to body weight, was not associated with hyperglycemia and DM diagnosis.