摘要：The goal of the present study was to describe the organization of a guided activity forproblem solution in primary school. The method, which was applied to mathematicalproblems, allowed us to propose a specific orientation for the proper solution of arithmeticproblems by pupils. The study was based on the activity-theory approach applied tothe process of teaching and learning. It was carried out with pupils in the second gradeof a private school in the city of Puebla (Mexico). The method was used in the classroomduring 30 school sessions of 1 hour per day. The methodology of formative experimentwas used in the study. Qualitative analysis of the pedagogical process of teaching andlearning was conducted. The results show that, after participation in the formative process,the schoolchildren became able to identify essential elements, data, and all relationshipsamong them in order to solve mathematical problems. At the end of the programthe verbal external level was raised for the process of orientation and the solution ofproblems together with the ability to use logarithms independently. We conclude thatorientation, as a guided form of activity in primary school, is essential for the developmentof the ability to analyze problems.
关键词：problem solution; learning of mathematics; teaching methods; school age;orientation in mathematics; conceptual learning
