摘要：Based on theoretical analysis, in the present paper, we defined the structure of the characteristicsof personality psychological maturity, which is considered an adult developmentcriterion. The objective of this paper was to identify the mechanisms that contribute to theformation of psychological maturity in adulthood development. We first assumed that one ofthe possible mechanisms is the normative crisis of development. In turn, previously formedpsychological maturity traits can relieve the experiences associated with this normative crisis.The aim of the present study was to analyze the formation of psychological maturity duringperiods of emerging and middle adulthood, with a specific focus on normative crisis experiences.The study design included cross-sectional and longitudinal methods. The participantsincluded 309 adults. The emerging adulthood group ranged in age from 18 to 25 years, and theparticipants in the middle adulthood group were between 38 and 45 years of age. To study crisisevents and experiences, we used three author-designed questionnaires. A self-actualizationtest by E. Shostrom (SAT), the Big Five personality test by Costa and MacCrae, a value andavailability ratio in various vital spheres technique by E.B. Fantalova, a purpose-in-life test byD.A. Leontiev, and a coping test by Lazarus were used to define the personality characteristicsused to overcome difficult life situations.In this paper, we described experiences specific to the crises associated with emergingadulthood and middle adulthood in the context of developmental tasks. Using cluster analysis,we defined groups with different intensities of crisis experiences and analyzed psychologicalcontent of crisis experiences in different groups. Using ANOVA, we found that participantswith low intensity crisis experiences show more developed characteristics of psychologicalmaturity. During emerging adulthood, the overcoming of crises associated with the separationfrom family contributes to the formation of such aspects of psychological maturity asself-management, life organization and responsibility. In a longitudinal study of midlife crises,the data suggest that in groups where there are more intense crisis experiences, there are moresignificant dynamics in the meaning and value sphere over the course of a year that lead to theachievement of greater personal integrity and congruence.The current study proved the hypothesis regarding the role of the crisis mechanism ofpsychological maturity development in two phases of adulthood. It also proved that psychologicalmaturity contributes to a decrease in the intensity of crisis experiences.
关键词：development; adulthood; psychological maturity; crisis; crisis experiences; meaning;and value sphere
