摘要：This article presents a historiographic and theoretical methodological study of theestablishmentof the fundamental theses of L. S. Vygotsky’s cultural-historical conceptwithin the field of clinical psychology.We prove the potency of contemporary philosophical concepts that help distinguish thetypes of scientific rationality (classical, nonclassical, and postnonclassical) when theseconcepts are applied to reflection about the development of psychology and the paradigmaticcultural-historical concept suggested by Vygotsky and the L. S. Vygotsky–A.R. Luria syndrome approach.Present studies of the works of Vygotsky and his followers demonstrate that the fundamentalsof the cultural-historical concept reveal not only the nonclassical but alsothe postnonclassical model of scientific rationality. They are characterized by the postnonclassicalunderstanding of the object and method of psychological study and thepostnonclassical mode of thinking of contemporary psychologists.The general methodological requirements formulated for the organization of mentalstudies, on the whole, are in line with the requirements introduced for the studyof complex self-developing systems. Vygotsky produced arguments to prove that theVygotsky-Luria syndrome approach describes mental syndromes as dynamic structuresin that they display the features of self-organization, self-determination, and adaptiverationality. Hence, they can be regarded as open self-developing systems.We propose and verify the hypothesis that syndrome analysis, because of the featuresof postnonclassical modeling of scientific rationality that it reveals, may be regardedas a theoretically productive methodological approach in contemporary psychologicalstudies.
