摘要：Many socio-economic changes have taken place in Poland in the last 25 years. The aim of the study is the results of long-term observations of changes occurring in the motivation of Polish top female and male judo athletes.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study included a total of 102 judokas (49 females and 53 males) from the Poland national teams. They were surveyed during their competitive periods in three different time points: T1 in 1988/1989 (25 females, mean age 21.3 ±1.8 years, and 25 males, mean age 23.4 ±2.1 years); T2 in 2002 (11 females, mean age 22.6 ±1.7 years, and 9 males, mean age 23.8 ±1.9 years); and T3 in 2014 (13 females, mean age 23.7 ±2.8 years, and 19 males mean age 23.7 ±2.4 years). A Polish version of a nine-factor Motivation Questionnaire proposed by Terry & Fowles (1985) was used at 3-time points. The gender effect was compared using one way ANOVA for each of 9 motives. Multiple sample comparison was employed for all six sub-groups of judo athletes. Effect size ƞ2-values were calculated.Results: In general, women scored lower than men in stress (ƞ2 = 0.11) and aggression (ƞ2 = 0.06) motives. With regard to the gender factor, a large effect was observed for mean scores in excellence (ƞ2 = 0.20), stress (ƞ2 = 0.26), power (ƞ2 = 0.29), extrinsic success (ƞ2 = 0.19) and aggression (ƞ2 = 0.35). In females, mean scores were significantly different between time points of measurements for: excellence, stress, power, extrinsic success, and aggression (T1
