期刊名称：Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
印刷版ISSN：2307-0331
电子版ISSN：2312-9824
出版年度：2017
卷号：10
期号：6
页码：170-191
出版社：ISEDT RAS
摘要：Addressing the issue of increasing the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding, increasing the volumeof milk and dairy products is closely linked to the strengthening and development of fodder supplies. TheState program of agriculture development and regulation of markets of agricultural products, raw materialsand food for 2013–2020 implemented in the Vologda Oblast, as well as other legal documents do notfully promote intensive fodder production. This results in poorly developed meadow and field fodderproduction, fodder crop breeding and fodder seed production, harvesting, storage, and use of foddernegatively affects the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding in general and determines the range of the existingsystem problems. In this regard, the purpose for the research is to develop and scientifically substantiatethe ways of improving the system of fodder production to increase the efficiency of dairy cattle breedingin the region. In accordance with the intended purpose we have met a set of objectives. Thus, based onmaterials of the Vologda Oblast, we conducted a brief analysis of the dairy cattle breeding for 2000–2016which revealed that the overall situation in sub-sectors since 2013–2016 has stabilized: cattle stock ismaintained, there is an increase in cow productivity and the total volume of milk produced, etc. We alsopresented the results of the assessment of fodder production potential and its development in modernconditions. We found that the region possesses quite large reserves for increasing fodder production. It isnoted that the increase in crop areas and intensification of regional systems of fodder production, includingthe improvement of species and variety composition of fodder crops, development of resource-savingtechnology of their cultivation and harvesting, will increase the total fodder production. The developmentof efficient fodder production should be based on the maximum use of climatic resources, biological andenvironmental factors in the region. To develop the ways of improving the system of fodder production inthe Vologda Oblast, we analyze the situation in terms of an economic leader – AO Plemzavod Rodina –with the aim of replicating its experience and practice in the farms of the Northwestern Federal districtas a whole. It has been revealed that the use of modern scientific research results will help agriculturalproducers harvest fodder with higher concentration of metabolic energy up to 10–10.5 MJ per 1 kg of drymatter and increase the content of crude protein by more than 14 %, and decrease the consumption ofconcentrated and protein feeds. In conclusion, it is noted that the implementation of complex measureson the improvement of the system of fodder production development with regard to the above areas,latest scientific achievements, and experience of advanced farms will help increase the total productionof high-quality fodder in the Vologda Oblast 1,5–2 times. The theoretical and methodological frameworkof the research includes fundamental works of domestic scholars and economists, general scientificresearch methods (abstract-logical, system approaches, generalization, economic and statistical, etc.),statistical (grouping, sampling, comparison, generalization), and graphical and tabular methods of datavisualization. The practical significance of the obtained results is determined by their further use byspecialists and farm managers, researchers in the field of dairy cattle breeding and fodder production inorder to develop areas and measures to overcome the current situation in the sub- industry.
关键词：dairy cattle breeding efficiency; improving the system of fodder production; technology; fodder;crops; fodders; efficiency.
