其他摘要:Studies show that many teachers are having a hard time using GIS. One percent of a highly motivated group of teachers reported satisfaction with using GIS in the classroom (Kerski 2003). Using GIS has its rewards, but it can also be frustrating to teachers (Keiper 1999). Many teachers have undergone 40-hour training classes, but this training is not effective: it is too expensive to train individual teachers and the trained teachers do not feel prepared to conduct GIS activities in the classroom (Baker 2005).