期刊名称：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
印刷版ISSN：0027-8424
电子版ISSN：1091-6490
出版年度：2018
卷号：115
期号：23
页码：5944-5949
DOI：10.1073/pnas.1804543115
语种：English
出版社：The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
摘要：Nanomaterials (NMs) are mostly synthesized by chemical and physical methods, but biological synthesis is also receiving great attention. However, the mechanisms for biological producibility of NMs, crystalline versus amorphous, are not yet understood. Here we report biosynthesis of 60 different NMs by employing a recombinant Escherichia coli strain coexpressing metallothionein, a metal-binding protein, and phytochelatin synthase that synthesizes a metal-binding peptide phytochelatin. Both an in vivo method employing live cells and an in vitro method employing the cell extract are used to synthesize NMs. The periodic table is scanned to select 35 suitable elements, followed by biosynthesis of their NMs. Nine crystalline single-elements of Mn3O4, Fe3O4, Cu2O, Mo, Ag, In(OH)3, SnO2, Te, and Au are synthesized, while the other 16 elements result in biosynthesis of amorphous NMs or no NM synthesis. Producibility and crystallinity of the NMs are analyzed using a Pourbaix diagram that predicts the stable chemical species of each element for NM biosynthesis by varying reduction potential and pH. Based on the analyses, the initial pH of reactions is changed from 6.5 to 7.5, resulting in biosynthesis of various crystalline NMs of those previously amorphous or not-synthesized ones. This strategy is extended to biosynthesize multi-element NMs including CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, ZnMn2O4, ZnFe2O4, Ag2S, Ag2TeO3, Ag2WO4, Hg3TeO6, PbMoO4, PbWO4, and Pb5(VO4)3OH NMs. The strategy described here allows biosynthesis of NMs with various properties, providing a platform for manufacturing various NMs in an environmentally friendly manner.
关键词：biosynthesis ; nanomaterials ; Escherichia coli ; single element ; multi-element
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