期刊名称：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
印刷版ISSN：0027-8424
电子版ISSN：1091-6490
出版年度：2018
卷号：115
期号：22
页码：5738-5743
DOI：10.1073/pnas.1720842115
语种：English
出版社：The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
摘要：Hominin cranial remains from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa, represent multiple individuals of the species Homo naledi . This species exhibits a small endocranial volume comparable to Australopithecus , combined with several aspects of external cranial anatomy similar to larger-brained species of Homo such as Homo habilis and Homo erectus . Here, we describe the endocast anatomy of this recently discovered species. Despite the small size of the H. naledi endocasts, they share several aspects of structure in common with other species of Homo , not found in other hominins or great apes, notably in the organization of the inferior frontal and lateral orbital gyri. The presence of such structural innovations in a small-brained hominin may have relevance to behavioral evolution within the genus Homo .
关键词：brain evolution ; human evolution ; South Africa ; Homo ; paleoanthropology
