摘要：İletişim ve ulaşım imkânlarının genişlemesi ile adeta küresel bir köye dönüşen dünyamızda, göç, gecekondulaşma, aile bağlarının zayıflaması, ağır çalışma koşulları, sorunlarda kaçma isteği, bağımlılık yapan maddelerin sayısının ve çeşidinin artması ve bunlara erişimin kolaylaşması gibi sebeplerle madde kullanımı ve bağımlılığı, başlıca sorun alanlarından birisi haline gelirken, Türkiye de bu gelişmelerden uzak kalamamakta gittikçe artan şekilde bu sorunla yüz yüze gelmektedir. Uzun yıllardır madde kullanımı ve bağımlılığını önleme konusuna büyük önem vermesine hatta bunu bir anayasal görev kabul ederek çeşitli ulusal eylem planları yürütmesine karşın Türkiye, bu konuda istenilen başarıyı elde edememekte, kullanıcı ve bağımlı sayısındaki artışın önüne geçememektedir. Bunun en temel sebebinin madde kullanımı ve bağımlılığı ile mücadele politikasının yürütülmesini sağlayacak bir güçlü bir koordinasyon kurumunun eksikliği olduğunu değerlendirilmektedir. Bu kapsamda bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin madde kullanımı ve bağımlılığı ile mücadele politikası analiz edilerek elde edilen bulgular ışığında bu politikanın yürütülmesini sağlayacak bir koordinasyon kurumu kurulması önerisinde bulunulmuş ve Madde Kullanımı ve Bağımlılığı ile Mücadele Merkezi (MAKBAM) adı verilen bu kurum, ANP yöntemi kullanılarak mevcut yapıda bu görevi yapmakta olan Türkiye Uyuşturucu Bağımlılığı İzleme Merkezi (TUBİM) ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Yapılan çözümlemeler neticesinde MAKBAM’ın fayda, fırsat ve kısmen risk bakımlarından TUBİM’e göre daha üstün bir organizasyon olacağı ve Türkiye’nin madde kullanımı ve bağımlılığı ile mücadelesine olumlu katkılar sağlayacağı sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
其他摘要：1. Introdiction The increase of the communication and transportation facilities has transformed our World into a global village. Migration, squattering, weakening of the family ties, difficult working conditions, feeling of the escape from problems are the general causes for drug abuse and addiction and have become a major problem in the World. Turkey is increasingly confronted with this problem. Despite the emphasis on the prevention of the drug abuse and addiction and the execution of the various national action plans, Turkey is unable to achieve the desired success to solve this problem. Also, the efforts of preventing the increase in the number of drug users and addicts have failed in Turkey. In this study, the most basic deficiency of the Turkey’s struggle policy against the drug abuse and addiction, which is caused by the lack of a strong coordinating institute, has been evaluated. For this purpose, Turkey’s struggle policy against the drug abuse and drug addiction has been examined. With the obtained data from the result of this evaluation, establishment of a coordination institute has been recommended. The coordination institute, which is named as MAKBAM, is compared with TUBİM according to benefits, opportunities, costs and risks – BOCR by using analytic network process (ANP). As a result of ANP analysis, MAKBAM will be more superior than the TUBİM in terms of benefit, opportunity and partial risk, has been concluded. Also, MAKBAM will provide a positive contribution to Turkey’s struggle with drug abuse and addiction. 2. Method In this study, the effectiveness of the MAKBAM structure, which is proposed to effectively struggle against drugs in Turkey, is investigated and then compared with TUBİM structure by using the ANP model. As a result of this comparison, the effectiveness of the proposed structure is measured. In the steps that include determination of the strategy and subcriteria that used in ANP model and with comparison of the criteria and alternatives, face to face interviews are conducted with actor groups, law enforcement forces, drug users and addicts and ordinary citizens. Also, the data that obtained from Işık’s (2013) doctoral dissertation are utilized. These criteria are derived after a comprehensive study on the struggle against drugs and they can also be used for other studies. 3. Results The ANP model, proposed in this study is developed around dependences and feedbacks between the clusters and elements of these clusters. The developed ANP model is a coupling of two parts. The first part includes a control hierarchy, which consists of goal of the decision problem, strategic criteria and BOCR merits. The second part is a network of influences among the alternatives, actors and criteria clusters. This network consists of four subnetworks each represents the relationship of its own clusters and elements: benefits, opportunities, costs and risks. The control hierarchy that is the first part of the model is presented in Fig. 1. (p. 472) At the top of the control hierarchy, there exists the goal of the problem; that is, to select an effective structure for combating illicit drugs. In order to rate BOCR, three strategic criteria have been incorporated into the proposed model. These strategic criteria are (1) Prevention of production, trafficking and sales of illicit drugs, (2) Reducing the number of drug users and addicts, and (3) Enhancing Treatment and Rehabilitation Opportunities. Each of these criteria can be thought of as sub-goals that the actors are willing to realize. The hierarchical structure between the goal of the problem and the strategic criteria is presented in Fig.1. (p.472) as control hierarchy. Second part of the proposed ANP model consists of the network of interactions among the actors, the alternatives, and the clusters of criteria. The second part consist of four subnetworks; benefits, opportunities, costs, and risks as presented in Figs. 2–5 (p.473-475), respectively. There
关键词：madde kullanımı; madde bağımlılığı; TUBİM; MAKBAM
