摘要:The risk assessment process is described with a focus on the hazard identification and dose-response components. Many of the scientific questions and uncertainties associated with these components are discussed, and the role for biomarkers and specimen banking in supporting these activities are assessed. Under hazard identification, the use of biomarkers in defining and predicting a) biologically adverse events; b) the progression of those events towards disease; and c) the potential for reversibility are explored. Biomarker applications to address high-to-low dose extrapolation and interindividual variability are covered under dose-response assessment. Several potential applications for specimen banking are proposed. Full text Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Get a printable copy (PDF file) of the complete article (836K), or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Links to PubMed are also available for Selected References . 9 10 11 12