期刊名称：Documents de Travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne
印刷版ISSN：1955-611X
出版年度：2017
出版社：Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne
摘要：Within European countries, France belongs to a group of countries (also including Germany, Belgium,Netherlands, Spain) where the share of the middle class in total population stands at a relatively highlevel. Besides that share appears stable over the last 10 years (as in Belgium and the Netherlands, andcontrary to Germany or Sweden where it has been decreasing).Such middle-class resilience during the crisis, and more generally from 1996 to 2001, can be related tothree main trends the stability of the middle-class share within total population, stable inequalitieswithin the middle-class, and a maintained growth in income.However, the French middle-class has been hit by labour market changes. First, the share of managersand professionals has increased in the middle-class, especially in the middle-class higher income group,making that group closer to the higher income class. Second, the development of flexible forms ofemployment (temporary employment, part-time and involuntary part-time) has been concentrating onmiddle-class lower income group -and even more on the lower income class. Thus heterogeneity withinthe middle-class seems to have increased in France despite its overall stability.
