摘要：Ammonia has recently attracted great attention as a fuel for
internal combustion engines. The aim of this study was to compare the
environmental impact caused by the production processes of ammonia and
conventional engine fuels – gasoline and diesel oil. Present fuel
technology, commonly used in Europe, was investigated. Haber-Bosch
process for ammonia synthesis was considered, coupled with steam
methane reforming (SMR) and partial oxidation of heavy oils (POX) as
sources of hydrogen. Fuel technology was evaluated with the use of Life
Cycle Assessment (LCA), based on a total emission of selected pollutants,
including greenhouse gases, total consumption of water and primary
energy, as well as Eco-indicator 99 score. LCA results indicated that
current industrial methods for ammonia production have unambiguously
more negative impact on the environment, compared to fossil fuel
technologies, when energy content of the fuel is taken into account. The
environmental load of ammonia production process depends strictly on the
method of hydrogen obtaining. SMR has lower negative impact on the
environment than POX. In order for ammonia to be considered as
a potential transportation fuel, the use of hydrogen generation pathways
that are less burdensome to the environment should be promoted.
其他摘要：Ammonia has recently attracted great attention as a fuel for internal combustion engines. The aim of this study was to compare the environmental impact caused by the production processes of ammonia and conventional engine fuels – gasoline and diesel oil. Present fuel technology, commonly used in Europe, was investigated. Haber-Bosch process for ammonia synthesis was considered, coupled with steam methane reforming (SMR) and partial oxidation of heavy oils (POX) as sources of hydrogen. Fuel technology was evaluated with the use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), based on a total emission of selected pollutants, including greenhouse gases, total consumption of water and primary energy, as well as Eco-indicator 99 score. LCA results indicated that current industrial methods for ammonia production have unambiguously more negative impact on the environment, compared to fossil fuel technologies, when energy content of the fuel is taken into account. The environmental load of ammonia production process depends strictly on the method of hydrogen obtaining. SMR has lower negative impact on the environment than POX. In order for ammonia to be considered as a potential transportation fuel, the use of hydrogen generation pathways that are less burdensome to the environment should be promoted.
