Hemingway's Chair.

Hermann, Thomas

If one were to classify the continuously growing number of fictionalized accounts of Ernest Hemingway's life and work, one possible way of doing so would be to divide the narratives into those in which Hemingway occurs as a character, as in Vincent Cosgrove's The Hemingway Papers (1983) or Keith Abbott's Rhino Ritz 1979), and those in which other characters are related in one way or another to the dead (but immortal) Hemingway, either as enemies, as in Henderson's I Killed Hemingway 1993), or as admirers, for example in Gerhard Kopf's Papa's Suitcase 1993).

Michael Palin's novel belongs to the last group. The action is set in Theston, an imaginary small coastal town in England. There we encounter thirty-five-year-old Martin Sproale, gentle assistant manager of the local post office, who is still living with his mother. Elaine Rudge works next to him in the post office and hopes that he will finally ask her to marry him. However, Martin's feelings for Elaine are subordinated to his loyalty to the post office, a loyalty surpassed only by his passionate devotion to everything associated with Hemingway - a passion which, like his relationship with Elaine, Martin hides from the world. As readers, however, we are soon introduced into his bedroom, a kind of Hemingway archive full of books and memorabilia, among them an Italian first aid cabinet from World War 1, accommodating a well-stocked bar hill of Hemingway's favorite drinks. When Martin hesitantly introduces Elaine to this shrine, we learn that she is not shocked, but relieved he wasn't a train-spotter or a serial killer."

The arrival of two strangers, who will both exert a direct influence on Martin's future, threatens the peaceful life in this provincial setting. First Martin's expectation? of being promoted postmaster after the retirement of the senile Ernie (!) Padgett are frustrated when his new boss, Nick (!) Marshall is announced. While the old postmaster ran his business in a totally old-fashioned style, Nick goes to the other extreme, planning to put Theston on the map for the next millennium by turning the post office into a hypermodern, profit-oriented telecom center.

Ruth Kohler, an American literary scholar who wants to finish in the rural retirement of the Suffolk countryside a book on Hemingway's women, is the second person to shake Martin's relatively stable emotional life. Martin catches a first glimpse of her when she mails an envelope addressed to the Hemingway Society" and soon, "bowled over by the fact that [he] had met another Hemingway aficionado, "shyly and awkwardly invites her to the best local tea room.

The increasingly dramatic events at the post office and Martin's slowly evolving relationship with Ruth create the dual plot structure of Palin's tragicomic novel. Hemingway's Chair is about the changes caused by juxtaposing contrasting characters, cultures, and economic concepts. To start with, Hemingway seems an unlikely hero for Martin, and because Michael Palin (one of the founding members of Monty Python) matches his amateurish, non-smoking, bike-riding picture of English correctness with a self-assured American feminist scholar, car driver, and smoker, one expects the novel to abound in comic situations. However, despite some humorous scenes involving cultural misunderstandings between Ruth and the English environment, the tone of the novel is most often serious. This is mainly due to the major conflict, the transformation of the old post office - an epitome of "Good Old England" where personal contact between customers and staff took place at the counter-into a profit center where "e-mail and fibre-optics and video telephones" are the buzzwords of future communication.

At work on her book, Ruth undergoes a series of crises and doubts. Her problem is that the more she learns about Hemingway's women, the less she likes the man himself. On one of their drinking nights together she explains to Martin that she "cannot see much that would explain why so many of these intelligent, attractive, and sensible women would want to spend more than a couple of days with him." To get on with her study, she feels that she cannot become too one-sided: "I need to project myself into that great big, bull-necked head. I need to get in there and look around. And I can't." Here the "barely articulate post office clerk" is transformed into a credible Hemingway double who gives Ruth the rough Papa treatment. The metamorphosis climaxes in a scene where Ruth temporarily turns the amiably clumsy guy into a passionate lover with the magic formula: "You Papa. Me Jane [Mason]."

While such encounters free Ruth of her block, they have no positive effect on Martin, who disintegrates the more he identifies himself with the writer. His sanity goes entirely down the drain after his acquisition of a fishing chair, which in Ruth's words "the illustrious MCP [male chauvinist pig] personally sat upon while, mercifully unsuccessfully, trying to pluck innocent marlin from the Pacific Ocean'"

What then are the roots for Martin's "standard retarded development high school" hero worship? We learn that he read his first Hemingway novel as a teenager after his father's death and that "the power of its writing shut out his grief." From then on, "he devoured everything Hemingway had written" and soon became interested in the author's life. This adoption of Hemingway as a substitute father is a plausible motivation for his deep fascination. In this respect Hemingway's Chair may be compared to Gerhard Kopf's Papa's Suitcase, in which an orphan who grew up with his grandmother also compensates for his loss with an admiration of Hemingway. Both books offer interesting psychological studies of socially handicapped males who are attracted by the complexity of Hemingway's character; i.e. not only his macho image but also his vulnerable side.

Yet while Kopf's highly literary book lures the reader into an intricate web of intertextual allusions, Palin's first novel has more social, economic, and historical implications. The recollection of vanishing English coziness is at times charming, but the tone quite often borders on sentimentality - romanticizing the past and deploring the commercially oriented, dehumanized present too explicitly. Although the plot has some potential, the cast of characters contains a few stereotypes too many, making large parts of the book too predictable. In view of this, one is grateful that Palin refrained from filling the Hemingway parts with the usual cliches. Indeed, he seems to have done his homework properly, and lets Ruth and Martin discuss Hemingway's life and work on an expert level. Despite some of the weaknesses hinted at above, Hemingway's Chair will be enjoyed, especially by Anglophile Hemingway buffs - if there are any of those. "Footnotes." The Chronicle of Higher Education 40.28 (1994): A8. [Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade heard a tape of EH reading "On the American Dead in Spain," recently released, along with booklet by Cary Nelson and U of Illinois P.] "Hemingway in the Afternoon." GQ 64-11 (1994): 180.* "Hemingway Slept Here, So the Town Cashes In." The New York Times 25 July 1994: A, 10:1. [On the annual Hemingway Days festivities in Key West.] "New in Paperback." Rev. of Kiki's Paris: Artists and Lovers 1900-1930, by Billy Kluver and Julie Martin. The Washington Post 1 Jan. 1995: X12. Adair, William. "Hemingway's `A Veteran Visits His Old Front': Images and Situations for the Fiction." American Notes and Queries 8.1 (1995): 27-31.*

27@l. _____."`Big Two-Hearted River': Why The Swamp is Tragic." Journal of Modern Literature 17.4 (1991): 584-88. ["fishing the swamp would be for Nick)a psychological reenactment of the winter fighting around Portogrande ... another event for Nick not to think about on his fishing trip."] Allen, Henry. "Hopper's Vision of Hell." The Washington Post 25 June 1995: G1, 6. [Refs. SAR and "The-Killers."] Anastaplo. George. "Can Beauty `Hallow Even the Bloodiest Tomahawk'?" The Critic 48.2 (1993): 2-18. [Treats "The Killers," "A Good Man is Hard to Find," and "The Silence of the Lambs."] Applebome, Peter. "Class Notes." The New York Times 1 Mar. 1995: B8. [College Board reports that Twain, Hawthorne, EH, Dickens, Shakespeare, Steinbeck, and FSF top the reading lists of high-school and first-year college students.1 Baker, Russell. "The Joy of Being Earnest." The New York Times 12 July 1994: A, 19:1. [On earnestness, EH, Robert Benchley, and the Fitzgeralds.] Baldwin, Marc D. "Class Consciousness and the Ideology of Dominance in The Sun Also Rises." McNeese Review 33 (1990-94):14-33.* Barnes, Bart. "Obituaries - Oscar Winner Burt Lancaster Dies; Starred in More than 70 Movies." The Washington POST 22 Oct. 1994: B6. ["gained instant stardom (in 1946) playing an ex-prizefighter in `The Killers.'"] Baxter, Gisele Marie. "The Generous Spirit: The Moral and Physical Experience of a Man at War in Homage to Catalonia and For Whom the Bell Tolls." Dalhousie Review 73 (Fall 1993): 368-80.* Beegel, Susan F. Letter. The Hemingway Review 14.2 (1995): 144-45. [Announcing the Reviews shift to professionally set production.] _____."`Fair Use' Defined." The Hemingway's Newsletter 30 (June 1995): 4. _____."`A Room on the Garden Side': Hemingway's Unpublished Liberation of Paris." Studies in Short Fiction 31 (1994): 627-37. Bilger, Martin. Corrida, Corrida: The Meaning of Death in the Afternoon. DAI Jan. 1955-55 (07): 1951A. Bittner, John. Letter. The Hemingway Review 14.2 (1995): 147-48. [Tips on travel to Cuba.] Blackmore, David L. Masculine Anxiety and Contemporary Discourses of Sexuality in United States Fiction Between the Wars. DAI Feb. 1995-55(08): 2387A. [Treats SAR.] Blades, John. "Hemingway mystery may be solved." Chicago Tribune 24 Mar. 1994:5,12:6. [Notices: Hemingway at Oak Park High 708-383-0700, ext. 2395; "On The American Dead in Spain" 800-545-4703; movie version of "A Clean, Well-lighted Place" done by teachers and students at the Art Institute of Chicago, 312-726-9789.] Boardman, Michael M. Narrative Innovation and Incoherence: Ideology in Defoe, Goldsmith, Austen, Eliot, and Hemingway. Durham: Duke UP, 1992. [See chapter entitled "Innovation as Pugilism: Hemingway and the Reader after A Farewell to Arms."] Boker, Pamela A. The Grief Taboo in American Literature: Loss and Prolonged Adolescence in Twain, Melville, and Hemingway. New York: New York UP, 1995.* Burke, Justin. "In Villas and Bodegas of Cuba, Hemingway Is Welcome Americana." Christian Science Monitor 29 Aug. 1994: 3:3. [Cuba still considers EH a native son.] Burrill, William. Hemingway: The Toronto Years. Toronto: Doubleday Canada Ltd., 1994. [This "critical biography is the first to focus exclusively on Hemingway's four-year connection with the city of Toronto from 1920-1924"; orders 800-223-5780.] Burwell, Rose Marie. "The Posthumous Hemingway Puzzle." Princeton University Library Chronicle 56.1 (1994): 24-45. [Uses recently-opened archives to provide publication history and reveal "the subversion of Hemingway's final intentions for the Paris Book"; several good photos.] Charles, Eleanor. "Connecticut Guide." The New York Times 5 Mar. 1995:13,14. [Announces Randy Svendsen's "Ghosts of Paris Past," a melodrama for narrator, cello, and piano; includes excerpts of FSF, EH, and Stein.] Crowley, John W. The White Logic: Alcoholism and Gender in American Modernist Fiction. Amherst: U of Massachusetts P, 1994. [Chapter 3, "Bulls, Balls and Booze: The Sun Also Rises" (43-64), traces drink and gender in the novel, concluding that SAR "subtly affirms sobriety as a means to the sheer drunkenness of the writer's art."] Cunningham, Bonnie Wilde. Bearing the Pain: Anesthetics of Impersonality in Modernist Fiction. DAI Sep. 1994-55(03): 561LA. [Treats letters, non fiction, and FTA.] Deedy, John. "The Mysteries of Literary Lives." The Critic 48.i (1993): 28. [Interview with James R. Mellow.] DeFazio, Albert J. III. "Current Bibliography, Annotated." The Hemingway Review 14.2 (1995): 136-41. _____. "Fitzgerald and Hemingway." American Literary Scholarship: An Annual 1993. Ed. Gary Scharnhorst. Durham: Duke Up, 1995. 125-42. [Bibliographic essay.] Ditsky, J. M. Rev. of Kenneth Rosen, Hemingway Repossessed. Choice 32.3 (1994): 453. Djos, Matts. "Alcoholism in Ernest Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises: A Wine and Roses Perspective on the Lost Generation." The Hemingway Review 14.2 (1995): 64-78. Donahue, Deidre. "Hemingway's rise purely academic." USA Today 30 June 1994: D, 4:1 [OMS on best-sellers list, #42, by virtue of high-school book orders for upcoming year. Donaldson, Scott. "Hemingway and Suicide." The Sewanee Review 103.2 (1995): 287-295. [Explores EH's "great obsession," death, and posits reasons for his suicide.] Dubrow, Marsha. "Unconventional Key West." Car & Travel May/June 1995: 24-30. [Tips for the tourist; photos of Hemingway home.] Eby, Carl. "`Come Back to the Beach Ag'in, David Honey!': Hemingway's Fetishization of Race in The Garden of Eden Manuscripts." The Hemingway Review 14.2 (1995): 98-117. Egan, Susanna. "Lies, Damned Lies, and Autobiography Hemingway's Treatment of Fitzgerald in A Moveable Feast." A/B Auto/Biography Studies 9.1 (1994): 64-82. Eisenstein, Paul. "Finding Lost Generations: Recovering Omitted History in Winter in the Blood." MELUS 19 (1994): 3-16. [Ref. IOT.]* Elliott, Ira. "Performance Art: Jake Barnes and `Masculine' Signification in The Sun Also Rises." American Literature 67.1 (1995): 77-94. _____. "A Farewell to Arms and Hemingway's Crisis of Masculine Values." LIT. Literature Interpretation Theory 4.4 (1993): 291-304. [Examines the ways in which gender fluidity and sexual indeterminacy function in relation to Frederic, Rinaldi, and the unnamed priest.] Everett, Graham. The American National Character and the Novelization of Vietnam. DAI Mar. 1995-55(09): 2829A. [Treats FTA.] Finnegan, Robert Emmett. "Adieu Identity - Mirrors and Newspapers in Hemingway and A Farewell to Arms." Durham University Journal 86.2 (1994): 259-70. Frank, Jeffrey A. "By Hemingway Obsessed." Rev. of Papa's Suitcase, by Gerhard Kopf. The Washington Post 19 Feb. 1995: X4. French, Sean. "Hemingway was excited by gazpacho and paella, while James Bond favored exotic doner kebabs and avocado pears. Now you can buy them all in Safeway." New Statesman Society 8.348 (1995): 36. [References to once-exotic foods now backfire as delicacies begin to grace the shelves at the corner grocery.] Frus, Phyllis. "'News That Stays': Hemingway, Journalism, and Objectivity in Fiction." The Politics and Poetics of Journalistic Narrative. the Timely and the Timeless. New York: Cambridge Up, 1994-53-119. Fuentes, Norberto. "Ghostly Blackmail: Vesco, Fidel and Me." The Washington Post 18 June 1995: C1+. [Fuentes passes on chance to pen Robert Vesco's memoirs.] Fullbrook, Kate. Rev. Wendolyn E. Tetlow, Hemingway's In Our Time. Lyrical Dimensions. Journal of American Studies 27 (Dec. 1993): 453-54. Funch, M. "The Intentional Phallacy: The Art and Life of Ernest Hemingway - A Biographical Angle." American Studies in Scandinavia 26.2 (1994): 65-78. Gajdusek, Robin. "Set Piece." The Hemingway Review 14.2 (1995):127. _____."`New' Bimini Museum Opens at Compleat Angler Inn: First Convocation Held." The Hemingway Newsletter 30 (June 1995): 2. [Society members witness "first-class exhibition of Hemingway's three visits in 1935, 1936, and 1937" and gracious hospitality by islanders. I Goetz, Thomas. "The Importance of Being Ernest." Village Voice 39-41 (1994): SS27. [Tribulations of scholarly research.] Goldman, Jane. Rev. of Ernest Hemingway, by Peter Messent. Journal of American Studies 28 Apr. 1994): 109-10.* Granger, Bill. "Some writers take a novel approach to their life in Chicago." Chicago Tribune 23 jan. 1994: 10 [Chicago Tribune Magazine] 6:1. [Wonders why EH never celebrated Chicago in his fiction.] Green, Bob. "Is That Hemingway Down in Your Den?" Rev. of Hemingway at Oak Park High: The High School Writings of Ernest Hemingway, 1916-47, ed. by Cynthia Maziarka and Donald Vogel, Jr. Chicago Tribune. 11 Apr. 1994: 5, 1:1. Greenwood, Heather. Letter. The Hemingway Review 14.2 (1995): 146-47. [Explains the Nature Conservancy of Idaho's role in preserving Hemingway's Ketchum home.] Grimes, Kevin. Rev. of Wrestling Ernest Hemingway and Grumpy Old Men. The Gerontologist 35.2 (1995): 286-87. Grimes, William. "Exploring the Links Between Depression, Writers and Suicide." New York Times 14 Nov. 1994: C, 11:1.* Harmon, Justin et al. American Cultural Leaders: From Colonial Times to the Present. Santa Barbara [CA]: ABC-CLIO, 1993- 212-15. [brief bio.] Hays, Peter L. "Hemingway's Clinical Depression: A Speculation." The Hemingway Review 14.2 (1995): 50-63. _____. "Huey Long's Assassin and Hemingway." The Hemingway Newsletter 29 (Jan. 1995): 4. [Corrects erroneous account that has EH treated by Dr. Carl Weiss.] Helbig, Doris A. "Confession, Clarity, and Community in The Sun Also Rises." South Atlantic Review 58.2 (1993): 85-110. Hemingway, Ernest. "Green Hills of Africa." Field & Stream 99 (June 1994): 46-47+. [Reprints passage describing hunt for kudu bulls.]* Hemingway Despatch: Newsletter of the Ernest Hemingway Foundation of Oak Park. 11.3 1995). [Photos, news, and notes; inquiries to PO Box 2222, Oak Park, IL 603031 Hill, Wm. Thomas. "The Roads of the Abruzzi and the Roads of Earthly Paradise in Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms." Studies in the Humanities 55 (Oct. 1994): 25-43. [Explores "Frederick's refusal to go to Abruzzi and his attempt to set up a counterpart to the Abruzzi in an earthly paradise of love with Catherine."] Hirshberg, Charles. "An American Place." Life 18.3 (1995): 84. [Celebrates Key West and its notable citizens of days past.] Jamison, Kay. R. Touched with Fire: Manic-Depressive Illness and the Artistic Temperament. New York: Free P, 1993-228-30. [Includes a "partial family history" of "manic-depressive illness, suicide, and post-head trauma psychosis."] Josephs, Allen. Rev. of The Face in the Mirror. Hemingway's Writers, by Robert E. Fleming. American Literature 67.1 (1995): 160-61. Kearney, Syd. "Hemingway's Home Lures Readers to Island." Huston Chronicle 13 Feb. 1994: J, 5:4.* Kelly, Lionel. Rev. of Hemingway. The American Homecoming, by Michael Reynolds. Modern Language Review go pt. 1 (Jan. 1995): i62-63. Knox, Bernard. "In Another Country." The New York Times Review of Books 41 (1 Dec. 1994): 32-38. [Reviews several Spanish Civil War books, including Peter Carrol's The Odyssey of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade.]* Kopf, Gerhard. Papa's Suitcase: A Novel. New York: G. Braziller, 1995. Lamb, Robert Paul. "The Love Song of Harold Krebs: Form, Argument, and Meaning in Hemingway's `Soldier's Home."' The Hemingway Review 14.2 (1995):18-36. Lansky, Ellen. "Two Unfinished Beers: A Note on Drinking in Hemingway's `Hills Like White Elephants.'" Dionysos: The Literature and Addiction Triquarterly 5.2 (1993): 28-30. [Argues that the alcoholic dimension of the short story has been overlooked.] Lauricella, John Albert. In Play. Baseball in American Fiction. DAI Jan. 1994-54(07): 2580A. [Treats FSF, Faulkner, EH, Lardner, and others.] Leff, Leonard. "A Farewell to Arms and Other Amputations." Film Comment 30 (Jan./Feb. 1995): 70-71+. [On Dir. Frank Borzage's adaptation. Lehmann-Haupt, Christopher. "Was Hemingway Gay? There's More to His Story." Rev. of Hemingway's Genders: Rereading the Hemingway Text, by Nancy R. Comely and Robert Scholes. The New York Times 10 Nov. 1994: C, 21:1. Limon, John. "Temporal Form and Wartime: Modernism After World War I." Writing after War: American War Fiction from Realism to Postmodernism. New York: Oxford UP, 1994-84-127. Lust, Violence, Sin, Magic: Sixty Years of Esquire Fiction. New York: Atlantic Monthly P, 1993. [First pbk. ed.]* Lynn, Kenneth S. Hemingway. Cambridge: Harvard Up, 1995. [First Harvard UP paperback edition.]* Lyons, Donald. Rev. of Scott Fitzgerald. A Biography, by Jeffrey Meyers, F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Life in Letters, Matthew J. Bruccoli, ed., and Hemingway: A Life Without Consequences, by James R. Mellow. The American Spectator 27.10 (1994): 72-73. Mandel, Miriam B. Reading Hemingway: The Facts in the Fictions. Metuchen [NJ]: Scarecrow, 1995-592 pp. [Annotates the nouns and names in the novels; indexed.] _____. "Note on Jordan's Sleeping Bag." The Hemingway Newsletter 29 (Jan. 1995): 4. [Apparently based on EH's own, likely purchased at Abercrombie & Fitch.] Manrique, M. Review of C. Leante, Hemingway and the Cuban Revolution. Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos 526 (Apr. 1994):139-40.* Maurer, Shawn Lisa. Rev. of Narrative Innovation and Incoherence. Ideology in Defoe, Goldsmith, Austen, Eliot, and Hemingway, by Michael M. Boardman. Studies in the Novel 26.4 (1994): 431-35. May, Charles E. "Reality in the Modern Short Story." Style 27.3 (1993): 369.* McDaniel, Jo Beth. "For the Love of Islands." Islands Magazine 15.4 (1995): 115. [EH vacationing.]* Metcalf, John. "Winner Take All." Essays on Canadian Writing 51-52 (Winter 1993/Spring 1994): 113-45. [Appreciation of EH in Canada.]* Michener, James . "A Farewell to Arms." 237-42 in Karolides, Nicholas J., et al. ed. Censored Books: Critical Viewpoints. Metuchen: Scarecrow, 1993.* Miller, Holly G. "Key West: The End of the Road." The Saturday Evening Post 226 (Nov./Dec. 1994): 78-79+. [Houses and haunts for the tourist.]* Minter, David. A Cultural History of the American Novel. Henry James to William Faulkner. Cambridge: Cambridge Up, 1994. [In "War as Metaphor: The Example of Ernest Hemingway" (133-45), argues that EH "saw virtually every situation and relationship as a contest waged with some threatening 'other' who was bent on destroying him as a man and as an artist" and visits familiar themes and techniques in the works.] Mulvey, Jim. A Defense of A Farewell to Arms." 243-48 in Karolides, Nicholas J., et al. ed. Censored Books: Critical Viewpoints. Metuchen: Scarecrow, 1993.* Murray, Robert. A Study Guide to Ernest Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises. Los Angeles: Time Warner Audio Books, 1994. #4-521668. [72-Min. cassette contains brief intro., lengthy summary, and short critical analysis - read well by Frank Dwyer; a Cliff's Notes for the stereo "because books are long and life is short"; includes 24-page pamphlet listing characters, plot, terms, and study questions.] Nagel, James. Rev. of Hemingway: The American Homecoming by Michael Reynolds. American Literature 67.1 (1995): 161-62. Norris, Margot. "The Novel as War: Lies and Truth in Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms." Modern Fiction Studies 40.4 (1994): 689-710. [Argues that FTA "ends as a love story masking and protecting a war story from the truth of its own violence, and its own lies." ] Oberhelman, Harley D. "Hemingway and Garcia Marquez: Two Shipwreck Narratives." International Fiction Review 21.1-2 (1994): 1-6. _____. The Presence of Hemingway in the Short Fiction of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Fredericton, N.B., Canada: York P, 1994. O'Brien, Edna. "More than Just a Word ......" Conde Nast Traveller 30 (Jan. 1995): 78-85+. [Visiting the Ritz in Paris.] Oliver, Charles M., ed. The Hemingway Newsletter 29 (Jan. 1995); 30 (June 1995). [News, notes, notices.] Pagnattaro, Marisa Anne. "`Che Ti Dice La Patrica?': Shadows of Meaning." The Hemingway Review 14.2 (1995): 37-49. Palin, Michael. Hemingway's Chair. Toronto: Reed Books, 1995.* Piantadosi, Roger. "All Keyed Up: Gone Wishing in Key West, Island of Lost Perspectives."The Washington Post 23 Apr. 1995: E1+. [EH's haunts and habitats figure prominently.] Plotkin, Stephen. "News from the Hemingway Collection." The Hemingway Review 14.2 (1995): 142-43. Porter, John. "Ernest Hemingway, Naturbahn luge reporter." FIL Magazin [Official Publication of the International Luge Federation]. No. 7 February 1992):16-17. [Parallel texts, German/English, quotes EH on luge-ing] _____. "Ernest Hemingway on Naturbahn Luge." The Slider 12.3 (1992)): 4. [Reprints story; English text only.] Presecky, William. "A favorite son also rises in Cicero, and it has sign to state its case." Chicago Tribune 12 Aug. 1993: 2C, 4:1. [EH's birthplace, 339 N. Oak Park Ave, was on 21 July 1899 "an unincorporated area of Cicero Township" and not, officially, Oak Park until 1902.] Prial, Frank J. "Traveling Bookshelf: Dining in Paris, Youngsters on the Road." Rev. of Restaurants of Paris (Knopf). The New York Times 12 Mar. 1995: 5,35. Raphael, Frederic. Rev. of Fitzgerald and Hemingway by Matthew J. Bruccoli. The Spectator 274-8707 (1995): 40.* Riche, Robert. "Castro's Cuba: Close but no Cigar." The News-Times [Sunday Magazine] 12 Mar. 1995: 3-5+. [Encourages travel to and trade with Cuba.] Rogers, M. Rev. of The Old Man and the Sea, by Ernest Hemingway [sound recording]. Library Journal 120.8 (1995): 138.* _____. Rev. of A Farewell To Arms, by Ernest Hemingway [sound recording]. Library Journal 120.8 (1995): 138.* _____. Rev. of Fitzgerald and Hemingway.: A Dangerous Friendship, ed. by Matthew J. Bruccoli. Library Journal 119:14 (1994): 182. Schneider, Carric. Rev. of "Wrestling Ernest Hemingway," dir. by Randa Haines. Interview 24.1 (1994): 28. Scott, R. C. Rev. of Papa's Suitcase, by Gerhard Kopf. New York Times Book Review 26 Feb. 1995:16. Scribner, Charles, III. Hemingway: A Publisher's Perspective." Princeton University Library Chronicle 56.1 (1994): 15-23.* Selkirk, Errol. Hemingway For Beginners. New York: Writers and Readers Publishing, 1994. [Presumably a book for elementary and middle-schoolers; mostly, illustrations, accompanied by a thin narrative of Eh's life and work; billed as a "Beginners Documentary Comic Book.' Sherman, Robert. "Music: Mozart and Mendelssohn, Plus Some American Standards." The New York Times 5 Mar. 1995: 13, 21. [Announces Randy Svendsen's "Ghosts of Paris Past," a melodrama for narrator, Cello, and piano; includes excerpts of FSF, EH, and Stein.] Shostak, Elizabeth. "Short Takes from the University Presses." Rev. of The Face in the Mirror: Hemingway's Writers, by Robert E. Fleming. Wilson Library Bulletin 68.9 (1994): 91. Sinclair, Gail D. Rev. of Hemingway's In Our Time: Lyrical Dimensions, by Wendolyn E. Tetlow. Studies in the Novel 26.3 (1994): 332-334. Sipiora, Phillip. Rev. of Remembering Spain: Hemingway's Spanish Civil War Eulogy and the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, Cary Nelson, ed. The Hemingway Review 14-2 (1995):128-32. Skube, Michael. "There's a Little Papa in Every One of Us." Atlantic Journal Constitution 8 May 1994: N, 10:1.* Slough, Andrew. "An Immoveable Feast." Ski 59.3 (1994): 180.* [Skiiing Austria's Montafon Valley.] Smith, Jack. "Imitation Hemingway Makes for Real Laughs." Los Angeles Times 21 Mar. 1994: E, 1:2. [Recollections of the 14th annual Imitation Hemingway Competition at Harry's Bar and American Grill in Century City.] Small, Judy Jo and Michael Reynolds. "Hemingway v. Anderson: The Final Rounds." The Hemingway Review 14.2 (1995): 1-17. Smith, Larry. "He Fights for Hemingway." Parade [The Washington POST]. 2 July 1995: 8+. [Describes meeting with Gregorio Fuentes; photos.] Smallbridge, Justin. "His star also rises: Toronto may have pushed Hemingway to fiction." Rev. of Hemingway: The Toronto Years, by William Burrill. Maclean's 107-49 (1994): 90. Smith, Paul. "A Summer of Submissions: Hemingway's Postcard Notes (1924)." The Hemingway Review 14.2 (1995):118-126. Spilka, Mark. "Repossessing Papa: A Narcissistic Meditation for Literary Throwbacks." Rereading Modernism: New Directions in Feminist Criticism. Ed. Lisa Rado. New York: Garland, 1994. 231-52. [Reprinted from Hemingway Repossessed, ed. Ken Rosen; emended by author.] Spiselman, Anne and David Novick. "Going Places' " Chicago 42.9 (1993): 127.* Stebbins, Todd H. Rev. John W. Crowley, The White Logic. Alcoholism and Gender in American Modernist Fiction. The Hemingway Review 14.2 (1995): 132-35. Stoneback, H.R. "Fiction into Film: 'Is Dying Hard, Daddy?' Hemingway's `Indian Camp.'" Social and Political Change in Literature and Film: Selected Papers from the Sixteenth Annual Florida State University Conference on Literature and Film. Richard L. Chapple, ed. Gainesville: UP of Florida, 1994. [Discusses creation and reception of Brian Edgar's "Indian Camp."] _____. "On Bobsledding, Lugeing, Skiing, Toboganning, Skis Leaning Against Alpine Inn Walls, Frozen Carcasses, Death, Glory, and Transcendence: Winter Sport in Hemingway's Journalism and Fiction." Aethlon 11.2 1994):117-29. ["grace under pressure" owes its origin to winter sport, not the bullfight.] Stubbs, John C. Rev. of Hemingway: Essays of Reassessment, ed. by Frank Scafella. JEGP: Journal of English and Germanic Phililogy 93-4 (1994): 603.* Swanson, Renee. "The Living Dead." Policy Review 67 (1994): 72-73. [Classics remain essential to most English curricula.]* Szenes, Dominique. Ernest Hemingway. Paris: Park Avenue, 1994.* Taylor, Michael. "50 Years Ago ... Hemingway (Hic) Liberates the Ritz." Forbes 26 Sep. 1994 [Suppl.]: 152-63. [Some new sources contribute to the old stories of liberation.] Theodoracopulos, Taki. "Putting on the Ritz." National Review 46.21 (1994): 80-81. [Chat about Paris and liberating the Ritz.] Travers, Peter. Acting Muscle." Rolling Stone 27 Jan. 1994:47-48. [Rev. Wrestling Ernest Hemingway."]* Tyler, Lisa. "Passion and Grief in A Farewell to Arms. Ernest Hemingway's Retelling of Wuthering Heights." The Hemingway Review 14.2 (1995): 79-97. Volz, Barbara. "Baker Materials Now Available." The Hemingway Newsletter 30 (June 1995): 3. [Some restrictions apply.] Weinstein, Randy and Glenn Horowitz. Ernest Hemingway: 1898 [sic]-1 961 Books, Manuscripts, and Letters from the Library of Clinton J. Smullyan with Additions from Stock. New York: Glenn Horowitz, (1994). 54pp. [Gorgeous catalog from Glenn Horowitz, Bookseller, 141 East 44th St., Suite 808, New York, NY 10017; (212) 557-138; lists 57 items, from a measly $100 first appearance of a short story to $185,000 for a cache of Eh's earliest letters to Mary.] Whissell, Cynthia M. A Computer Program for the Objective Analysis of Style add Emotional Connotations of Prose: Hemingway, Galsworthy, and Faulkner Compared." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79.2 (1994): 815-24. [Has designed a computer program, which is available to readers, that uses 50 objective measures to distinguish among writing styles.] Wilkie, Curtis. "In Key West, Hemingway tales linger." Boston Globe 18 July 1994: 3:1. [Propagates some myths, based, apparently, on Joy Williams' The Florida Keys.] Williams, Donna Glee. The Stylistic Mechanics of Implicitness: Entailment, Presupposition, and Implacature in the Work of Ernest Hemingway and Tim O'Brien. DAI Mar. 1995-55 (02): 2814A. Woolf, Geoffrey. "Under the Influence." Lear's 6 (Nov. 1993): 56-58+. [EH's role in defining feminism.]* Wrestling Ernest Hemingway. Dir. Randa Haines. Warner Brothers, 1993. [Unseen announcements include the following: Variety 20 Dec. 1993: 31-32; Premiere 6.9 (1993): 24; Hollywood Reporter 324-12-13 (1992): 23; and Screen International 866-17 (July 1992): 18.] Xun, Yanhua. Conversational Maxims and the Effect of Defamiliarization in Literature. DAI Oct. 1993-54 (04): 1345A. [Treats "Big Two-Hearted" and "Canary".] *indicates that item is unseen by compiler. Citations for news articles and dissertations drawn from databases.

With thanks to Sandra Munnell, John Porter, William Adair, Wm. Thomas Hill, Miriam B. Mandel, John Sullivan, Angela R. Cisco, Ira Elliott, Felda Lehto, and Donald Brown of GMU.