Development of ERP and other large business systems in the context of new trends and technologies.

Suman, Sabrina ; Pogarcic, Ivan

1. Introduction

Getting specific information for specific job-situation-task, means that data from different sources must continuously be collected, stored and analyzed. Care and use of so much data is impossible without a well-structured database and/or data warehouse, and the analysis of this data is impossible without a series of BI (Business Intelligence) tools. Information therefore needs to be within easy reach and analyzed in order to give effect to the business objectives [1], and information systems should be changed, integrated and introduced precisely in order to realize this goal. [2]

Companies whose executives understand data as a core asset and resources of business are six times more likely to be successful than those whose top management does not perceive data in this way (31% vs. 5%) and have a lot more success with BI projects. [3].

Technological progress and the information needs of companies today create a continuous cycle of growing needs for ever more effective ways of coverage and analysis of data in and around the company. Currently, the society is faced with a growing, large and various sources of data, which is often referred to as big data, and is used for decision support. Big data are complex, layered, large amounts of data and finding i.e. getting the right information in such a large amount of data is like searching for a needle in a haystack, and the greater the amount of data it is more difficult to find the true value of the data. [4].

Many observers, including [5], [6], [7] and [8] argue that the potential of using big data to improve the personal life or to help companies to compete is unlimited. According to [6], "better access to information and technology for the management and analysis of data is changing the world." In a way, big data will lead to better health, better teachers, improved education, and better decision-making. Gartner hype curve predicts that the big data for two to five years [9] will do much to transform and influence the business.

The goal is not the production and use of vast amounts of data, but the way the data is being analyzed and presented, which techniques are being used to get valuable information and the right support and a base for decision making, and in reality it is about big analytics not just about big data [10] [11]. [12] argues that the management and analysis of these data is precisely the most difficult part in the field of big data. Availability and timeliness of the results of quality analysis in the moments when you have to make decisions is a major challenge. Such phenomena of large amounts of data, and the need for high-quality analysis also require new expertise and experts in many organizations [13].

After describing the perceived problems caused by the appearance of massive amounts of data from various sources, we can see the importance of choosing and using various software tools, technologies and techniques and the efficient management of all data concerning the business seems like a prerequisite for the survival of the various activities of the company.

In consideration of the successful management of a company interaction of large-scale integrated enterprise systems such as ERP, CRM, and SCM with the DSS and BIS is also important, where analytics of business intelligence based on integrated data of the entire company can directly affect a more quality, timely and flexible decision support, and decisions will again directly affect the effectiveness of CRM and SCM. [14].

Setting an ERP for the origin of this systematic review is also reflected in the main target for the implementation of an ERP--access to data in a controlled manner at the level of the entire company and information sharing across business processes [15]. [16] suggest that a suitable choice of an ERP system provides results such as increased productivity, punctual delivery, decreased implementation time, and reduced price of a product while a bad choice of an ERP system leads to project failure or performance degradation of a company.

Furthermore, a review links together concepts of BI, DSS--Decision Support Systems, SCM--Supply Chain Management, CRM--Customer Relationship Management, BPM--Business Performance Management with the involvement of the big data sphere. Also shown is the dynamic of representation of concepts from the paper through publications of 3 global scientific-technical databases from 1991-2016 in phases of 5 years. To view the future development of new trends and technologies related to retrieving, storing and analyzing information, generated was a graphical representation obtained by meta analysis of research [17].

Objective of the paper is to review and synthesize the inter-related areas that need to be considered in today's business.

Purpose of the work is to indicate the complexity of the successful implementation of maintenance and future development of ERP and other business systems through a systematic review of interrelationships of large systems, new technologies and trends.

2. Overview of connection between the ERP and business-critical systems

This section will connect the following terms and concepts: ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), DSS (Decision support system), BI (Business Intelligence), CRM (Customer Relationship Managemenet), SCM-(Supply Chain

Managemenet), BPM (Business performance Management), DW (Data Warehouse, Data Warehousing), KM (Knowledge management) and MEC (Multi Enterprise Collaboration). The objectives of this chapter are:

* To stress the importance, function, purpose and potential benefits of ERP systems,

* To point out the known problems and bad practices observed in the planning and/or after the implementation of ERP in the company,

* To include the actuality of today's business conditions, which requires inter-organizational collaboration - MEC (Multi-Enterprise Collaboration) in decision-making and technological implications and possible solutions to such business.

* To show links of the ERP systems with other large systems, the importance of connection between these systems and the consequent implications of these connections on the criteria in the selection of software modules and ways of implementation

* List some guidance on the selection of software packages related to big business systems and the type of BI analytics

2.1. ERP

ERP software automates and integrates business processes and enables the sharing of information and data in a variety of business functions. ERP software enhances the functionality and efficiency of business processes that take place in the departments of finance, human resources, operations and logistics, and sales and markets [18]. Since it affects the entire business, or at least a large part of the business, and its purchase and introduction is a large organizational cost, selection of an ERP system is a particularly complex and delicate task. It is estimated that 40-70% of ERP implementations have experienced some type of failure [19]. Determination of the potential benefits of ERP implementation is a challenging task, because most of the advantages do not come from the ERP system, but from different ways in which the system can be implemented and used. Although this is true for any type of information system (IS), it is a special burning question for the ERP systems, because of their decisive influence on almost all aspects of the organization. This is even more important in the context of ERP implementation through multiorganization, a subject of work by Eckartz et al. [20].

Companies that decide to introduce the ERP systems are often inspired by imitation of successful practices in similar companies. Such a conviction management board can lead to so-called homogenization of companies which weakens the differentiation, i.e. the uniqueness or specificity by which a company and its products are recognized and stand out in the market. The loss of differentiation and uniqueness can weaken the company's potential and performance that delivers business value. [21] emphasizes the importance of detailed and elaborate evaluation protocols and practices to choose the solution that best suits the company instead of imitating the competitors. This argues the need to inform about all the influential factors of the optimal selection of ERP solutions and overall quality management of performance and operations of the company.

Complexity of approach in the selection of an ERP and the number of factors that affect the success of the implementation was discussed gradually in the further part of the review where the function, purpose, benefits and success of ERP are viewed in relation to the relevant terms of the wider area of managing the performance of a company.

2.2. ERP and decision making support

Davenport [22] suggests that the main reason and the greatest potential of ERP is making quality and timely decisions, and Palaniswamy and Frank [23] concluded that the ERP is a prerequisite for decision making support. Part of the research on the effects of ERP to support the decision making proved that ERP systems offer significant benefits in the area of decision making support [24].

Although ERP systems integrate knowledge and provide reporting tools for users to analyze data, decision making support is not their primary purpose. This is supported by a multitude of BI software solutions which the company uses to implement a decision support system, which can not be fully developed only with an ERP solution. Therefore, it can be said that the quality of implementation of ERP systems is closely linked to the quality of the decision making system [25].

2.3. ERP and Business Intelligence

Business intelligence is a huge opportunity for any company to collect valuable insights from all the data covered by their ERP and those of other systems. Li [26], referring to the need for the ERP systems to link internal and external data, identifies the need to create an effective business intelligence as the primary objective of an ERP system.

BI software enables companies' quality and quick decision-making because of the availability of data and information in an easily customizable form. The standard functionality of the BI software allows DSS to use the data from the data warehouse, shaped to measure. This warehouse provides management with BI analytical tools, the ability to create ad hoc reports, graphics, tables, use graphical dashboards that offer information through financial statements, scorecards and KPIs (key performance indicators).

BI software is also available as a stand-alone package and as modules in ERP solutions. In recent years, ERP vendors have included BI products and sell them in their systems and have thus made way for potentially highly effective solutions that put on the business-user the new burdens of selection, costs of consultants, education etc. In addition to the BI module, many ERP vendors include the very ERP functionality of managing client interactions and promotional campaigns, but such applications are sold as separate software, such as SAP CRM and Oracle's Siebel CRM applications that have additional management capabilities with client activities.

2.4. ERP and multi-organizational collaboration

Tools for decision making support and application should be open and flexible enough, not only to provide support within their own organization, but also across organizational boundaries. It stresses the need for research of multiorganizational decision-making and the development of IT which will support and optimize the production [27] and in other areas of business. These includes heterogeneity in terms of the breadth and depth of data, complexity in terms of models, algorithms for solution and data visualization / process, distribution to the scope and range, versatility of domains and paradigms, flexibility, ability to reuse and extensibility [28].

More recently, vendors, including Microsoft, SAP and Oracle have introduced tools and systems that support decision-making aspect of the MEC (MEC, multi-enterprise collaborative). The shift of the market and scientific research towards this field of research is still in its early stages and new perspectives and insights are constantly being acquired as new products are being released.

2.5. ERP, data warehouse and knowledge management

[29] point out that the knowledge of the employee is the most important resource of the company, and point out that although the repositories of knowledge in companies often exist, they are not organized in a way that they could be effectively used. The authors [30] observed the importance of integrating the processes of knowledge management (KM) within the Decision Support System so that the decision-makers can combine different types of knowledge (explicit and implicit) and data (internal and external) available in various forms. Improved creation and sharing of knowledge should increase the flexibility and innovation [31]. Literature dealing with ERP success suggests careful knowledge management in order to maximize its potential. Results of the Ifinedo research (Ifinedo, 2006) [32] have shown that knowledge management, including the creation of knowledge, is a strong predictor of ERP success. The more implicit and explicit knowledge the organization has, the more likely that the ERP will be successful [33].

Knowledge exists in the heads of corporate staff and management. Knowledge also exists in the environment outside of the company. The needs of business are also to formalize, store, access and use the entire knowledge of the company.

Data warehousing is not just a problem-solving process, but also a concrete architecture. Different companies have different data warehouses. According to the features of their ERP systems, many companies have designed the architecture of their data warehouses. Data warehouse is responsible for providing the information needed to support decision-making at different levels [34].

Existing data warehouse of a company can be extended to create a knowledge warehouse (KW) [35]. KW will not only facilitate the retrieval and creation of knowledge, but will also improve the retrieval and exchange of knowledge through the organization, providing at the decision-maker's disposal an intelligent platform for analysis. Knowledge warehouses will be continuously upgraded, with the aim of structuring knowledge from previous situations of decisionmaking and optimize future decisions. Shafiei et al., also mention the concept of a knowledge warehouse (KW) which is "above" the analysis of data from the ERP system via a data warehouse. [28]. [36] is also in the same vein, that with the advancement of technology expects that the existing business system will provide current intelligence information and not just the numbers, which can be used for making business decisions and strategies. This trend and the need are applicable today through various methods of artificial intelligence, especially in areas of text processing and natural language.

2.6. ERP and CRM

With the goal of providing "a single face to the customer," the basic principle behind CRM is that every employee in contact with the client must have access to information on the latest customer interactions with the company [37]. While CRM tools within an ERP, such as the SAP ERP system, when used properly, can help in the management of customer relationships, companies that opt for the concept of CRM often use a separate CRM system that communicates with the ERP system. The advantage of this approach is that the planning and analysis conducted in the CRM system does not interfere with the performance of the ERP system, which primarily handles large volumes of business transactions.

When compared with ERP, for CRM can be said that it, just like the ERP, offers ways to automate the process and conduct business more efficiently. However, these two systems are designed to streamline the various functions. While CRM is used to manage contacts, accounts, opportunities, activities, marketing, etc., ERP is designed to manage the operations and business functions, such as product planning, purchasing, inventory, customer service, order tracking and other back-end business processes. However, after the ERP vendors included the CRM features in their software, and CRM vendors included ERP capabilities into their tenders, the differences between them began to disappear.

2.7. ERP and SCM

The study [38] has empirically proven theoretical assumptions in the existing literature on the impact of ERP benefits on SCM competencies. A typical configuration of business software in the manufacturing enterprise includes at least three large systems ERP, SCM and CRM. All are constructed of one or more database management systems (DBMS)--which usually use the same logical integrated database. ERP, SCM and CRM systems are usually standard software that can adapt to the requirements of individual organizations. Today, these three types of systems tend to be integrated: SCM module, for example, will have access to information available in the ERP system directly or through a common database [39].

Supply Chain Management (SCM) is directed across boundaries, taking into account that companies are increasingly concentrating on their core competencies, leaving the other activities to the partners who have more knowledge. With the growing dependence on partners, effective supply chain has become equally important to the success of the company as the efficiency of internal business processes. Information systems that support supply chain management (SCM systems) are developed either by ERP vendors or software companies specializing in logistics. They have either expanded their ERP systems with additional SCM functions or developed new SCM systems that collaborate with their ERP systems.

Software companies are developing dedicated SCM systems and providing interfaces to standard ERP systems. The reason for this is that the SCM without ERP is hardly possible. An interesting trend is that some specialized SCM vendors were bought by large ERP vendors. In this way, ERP vendors are now able to offer supply chain management as part of their business portfolio. A typical company today uses a large number of information systems. These systems tend to be integrated, so that they can work together [39].

2.8. ERP and BPM

Over time, it turned out that, despite the fact that ERP systems hold most of the organization's data, they can provide insight into valuable information necessary for strategic decision making. ERP vendors are aware of this and offer BI functionality with their software to help "liberate" the data from these complex systems. At its core, BI is designed to consolidate data that extends across different business areas and systems, and help managers to make better decisions faster. In the new paradigm, the ERP system acts as an important source of data, but not necessarily the only source. This opens the door to choice to combine ERP with BI and/or Performance Management Suites and tools that meet the needs of the organization. This may or may not be from the same vendor.

In order to differentiate concise terms BI and BPM it is stated that BI discloses a technology used to access, analyze and inform about relevant business information. It covers a wide range of software solutions, including ad hoc queries, OLAP, dashboards, scorecards, today usually as modules for various BI suite. BPM is characterized as BI + strategic planning, which means that the convergence of BPM and BI planning is on a unified platform, cycle of planmonitoring- analysis. Processes that include BPM are not new: they exist in every medium to a larger organization, and BPM provides a framework for the integration of processes, methodologies and metrics of other systems into a single solution. Term BPM refers to the processes, methodologies, metrics and technologies used by the company to scale, monitor and manage business performance. BPM is a continuous set of processes which, if properly carried out affects the entire organization from top to bottom. For BPM it is important to synchronize the entire company: it helps users to achieve goals that help the execution of the strategy and the adoption of value for all the stakeholders [40].

3. Emergence of new technologies and trends - big data and embedded analytics

The reasons for considering the development and potentials of ERP systems and the entire BPM system and big data are reflected in the new capabilities-functionalities of a broader business software system and exploiting new trends and technologies, as outlined below. A large amount of big data is unstructured, such as audio, video, text, and developed techniques of storage, processing and analysis of data types have evolved, there is a possibility that ERP is stored in and managed by a new system, the "knowledge hub" where the knowledge from inside and surrounding environment of the company will be stored and formalized integrally [41].

Taking into account the big data sphere allows analysis of data and transactions that are created outside the company. In this way, all stakeholders, customers, partners, suppliers are connected and the development of applications which will integrate data, models from different business perspectives is expected. Therefore, big data provides the ERP system with additional features and characteristics in relation to other systems, such as CRM and SCM, and thus adds value to the business.

Using data from big data sphere will also initiate some issues of privacy and data security and protection, and the movement of data will need to be constantly monitored and take into account the latest regulations. Also, the quality of the data in the ERP system can be disrupted after the integration of big data, so it is necessary to set some filters when downloading raw data.

These considerations relating to the question of the position of the ERP system and the expansion of the boundaries of the data relevant for the company, with the development of new technologies certainly point to new opportunities for additional functionality of ERP systems and consequently the entire BPM, whose potential can be achieved if new issues which may occur by using big data types are also considered. Problems and changes are mostly related to the processing, storage, analysis and quality of big data. Also, the integration of ERP systems and big data will require some changes in the activities of the stages in the life cycle of ERP systems as a change of requirements to be met by the ERP [41].

As the pace of business accelerates steadily, the company realizes that it is not enough just to analyze the data but the activities that are being imposed on the basis of the results of the data analysis must also be operationalized as soon as possible. This means that the aim is to exploit and share not only data, but also the results of the analysis, and exchange them through the business processes and applications, in order to shorten the time of decision making.

Operationalizing and embedding analytics consists of gaining insight on the necessary actions within the business processes that can be automated or provide support for decision-making. Analytics of different functionality and complexity are usually built into the dashboards, applications, devices, systems, databases and the like. Operational analytics are in the background of logistics applications, some CRM modules, authorizations and detection of faults, the system recommended content and products for each customer and the like. Embedded analytics, while not entirely a new technology today is especially being taken into account due to the occurrence of big data, and the possibility of operationalization of decisions through programs is very effectively. Also, sharing analytics through a variety of applications allows them to be received and potentially exploited by a large number of stakeholders, which is certainly an added value [17].

4. Research Methodology

In order to show the development of individual concepts through four five-year periods chosen were two science databases (Web of Science, Core Collection, Science Direct), and the database Google Scholar, which shows a large number of scientific and professional publications regardless of the quality to compare dynamics of incidence and popularity. The last columns for each database show the Tendency, which results in a number 1 and the up arrow if constant growth was recorded, and otherwise 0 and arrow down. Attached you can find Table 3 obtained by meta analysis of research (for research details see under [17] which shows the current representation of the use of data types, analytical platforms and types of analytics and prediction for the next three years based on the responses of 300 respondents). The table was sorted by three categories from top to bottom by the intensity of shades: the first category represents concepts that are anticipated to decline in use over the next three years, and the remaining two categories indicate concepts that will be moderately more and much more used in the next designated period.

5. Research results and discussion

Table 1 is the representation of individual frequencies. In the first two databases the decline is shown only by the concept of Business Process Reengineering, while in the Google Scholar database more than one category shows a decline in participation in publications. Each topic was searched with quotation marks.

Table 2 shows the representation of publications that at the same time mention all the concepts related to the operator and a base WoS Core Collection is this time omitted due to the low number of publications for the first three five-year periods. Table 2 shows that in the Science Direct and Google Scholar databases the representation of the publications in which the selected concepts appear together is constantly growing to this day. This also shows the connection between ERP and other large systems with selected concepts, but in the last five years there has also been a noticeable expansion of considerations related to big data and embedded analytics.

The following text includes Table 3 obtained by meta analysis of research (for details see research in Halper, 2015) [17], sorted by categories from the top down: the first category represents concepts that are anticipated to decline in use over the next three years, and the remaining two categories indicate concepts that will be moderately more and much more used in the next designated period. This view of emerging trends and technologies is clearly essential for reflection and selection of a combination of business software suite, BI modules and types of analytics, platforms and ways of implementation in order to exploit the potential of each and the total potential of all of them in a given company.

6. Conclusion

This paper presents an overview of the field with the aim of systematically linking important areas, approaches and philosophies whose understanding is necessary for successful implementation of ERP and/or SCM and/or CRM system and the establishment of effective systems for decision making support. During operation described are some issues related to the non-exploitation of potentials and non-integration of large systems, sub-optimal use of analytical tools, lack of new technological solutions, lack of understanding the phenomena big data and the like. The paper therefore proposes a set of guidelines and tips that to bypassed or eliminate these problems.

Chapter which systematically presents the concept of the affected area from selected literature has been upgraded in content around the central concept of the ERP systems. Gradually upgrading with other terms and concepts is done through their description and interpretation of the function and connecting them in relation to the ERP system. Each concept has been given a position, purpose and relationship with other areas in a continuous system of managing business performance. In doing so some guidance in terms of using new technology storage, retrieval and analysis of data has been given.

Also presented was the frequency of appearance which may also be used to monitor the development and character of processed concepts, and thus demonstrating the need to also consider their mutual relations and not just the concepts individually. Meta analysis has produced graphs that describe the anticipated development of certain technologies, types of data, analytical tools, and highlights those that are anticipated to decline in popularity and the ones that will be more and more used in the next few years. This concise view of future trends is also important in the assessment criteria for the selection of software, tools and types of implementation. This paper is intended to gain insight on the complexity of the field of business management and exploitation of the full potential of software packages that are offered today in the market in order to find the best combination for a given company. The further course of research would go into setting up a comprehensive framework which sets the basic structure and configuration of the business suites and after that to create a support system in the selection of such a configuration.

DOI: 10.2507/27th.daaam.proceedings.047

7. Acknowledgments

The research has been conducted under the project "Extending the information system development methodology with artificial intelligence methods" (reference number 13.13.1.2.01.) supported by the University of Rijeka (Croatia).

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[41] Elragal, A., ERP and Big Data: The Inept CoupleProcedia Technology 16 (2014) 242-249) Table 1. The frequency of appearance of selected topics from 1991-2016 Web of Science Core Collection--Search by Topic 1991-1995 1996-2000 Topic Decision Support 1980 2857 Enterprise Resource Planning 2 54 Business Performance Management 0 0 Business Process Management 6 31 Business Process Reengineering 73 159 Supply Chain Management 22 243 Customer Relationship Management 0 19 Business Intelligence 6 26 Data Warehouse Or Data Warehousing 7 247 Data Mining 27 944 Text Mining 0 33 Web Mining 0 14 Business Analytics 0 0 Knowledge Management 42 447 Knowledge Discovery 48 441 Big Data 0 0 Web of Science Core Collection--Search by Topic 2001-2005 2006-2010 Topic Decision Support 3823 6505 Enterprise Resource Planning 264 350 Business Performance Management 2 6 Business Process Management 91 172 Business Process Reengineering 90 60 Supply Chain Management 1028 2337 Customer Relationship Management 224 381 Business Intelligence 104 184 Data Warehouse Or Data Warehousing 503 524 Data Mining 3924 5751 Text Mining 330 777 Web Mining 155 173 Business Analytics 3 13 Knowledge Management 1783 2470 Knowledge Discovery 880 897 Big Data 0 26 Web of Science Core Collection--Search by Topic 2011- Tendency present Topic Decision Support 11303 [up arrow] 1 Enterprise Resource Planning 380 [up arrow] 1 Business Performance Management 9 [up arrow] 1 Business Process Management 309 [up arrow] 1 Business Process Reengineering 54 [down arrow] 0 Supply Chain Management 3592 [up arrow] 1 Customer Relationship Management 520 [up arrow] 1 Business Intelligence 462 [up arrow] 1 Data Warehouse Or Data Warehousing 682 [up arrow] 1 Data Mining 8962 [up arrow] 1 Text Mining 1687 [up arrow] 1 Web Mining 185 [up arrow] 1 Business Analytics 99 [up arrow] 1 Knowledge Management 3111 [up arrow] 1 Knowledge Discovery 1183 [up arrow] 1 Big Data 3946 [up arrow] 1 Science Direct- Search by Title, abstract, keywords 1991-1995 1996-2000 Topic Decision Support 1022 1137 Enterprise Resource Planning 0 11 Business Performance Management 0 0 Business Process Management 0 7 Business Process Reengineering 25 104 Supply Chain Management 4 78 Customer Relationship Management 0 7 Business Intelligence 2 5 Data Warehouse Or Data Warehousing 32 481 Data Mining 10 190 Text Mining 0 2 Web Mining 0 1 Business Analytics 0 0 Knowledge Management 28 149 Knowledge Discovery 6 108 Big Data 0 0 Science Direct- Search by Title, abstract, keywords 2001-2005 2006-2010 Topic Decision Support 1456 2471 Enterprise Resource Planning 122 137 Business Performance Management 1 0 Business Process Management 32 65 Business Process Reengineering 57 29 Supply Chain Management 446 876 Customer Relationship Management 104 137 Business Intelligence 52 68 Data Warehouse Or Data Warehousing 1565 2176 Data Mining 962 1889 Text Mining 66 233 Web Mining 29 64 Business Analytics 1 5 Knowledge Management 541 648 Knowledge Discovery 208 310 Big Data 0 4 Science Direct- Search by Title, abstract, keywords 2011- Tendency present Topic Decision Support 4545 [up arrow] 1 Enterprise Resource Planning 217 [up arrow] 1 Business Performance Management 7 [up arrow] 1 Business Process Management 186 [up arrow] 1 Business Process Reengineering 44 [down arrow] 0 Supply Chain Management 1458 [up arrow] 1 Customer Relationship Management 223 [up arrow] 1 Business Intelligence 338 [up arrow] 1 Data Warehouse Or Data Warehousing 3963 [up arrow] 1 Data Mining 3772 [up arrow] 1 Text Mining 644 [up arrow] 1 Web Mining 82 [up arrow] 1 Business Analytics 50 [up arrow] 1 Knowledge Management 1107 [up arrow] 1 Knowledge Discovery 454 [up arrow] 1 Big Data 1689 [up arrow] 1 Google Scholar- Search all excluded citations and patents 1991-1995 1996-2000 Topic Decision Support 18600 33200 Enterprise Resource Planning 132 3160 Business Performance Management 30 109 Business Process Management 266 1270 Business Process Reengineering 1130 6350 Supply Chain Management 1480 9340 Customer Relationship Management 468 2840 Business Intelligence 614 2150 Data Warehouse Or Data Warehousing 47 2460 Data Mining 4010 19300 Text Mining 63 827 Web Mining 16 461 Business Analytics 11 32 Knowledge Management 3820 16000 Knowledge Discovery 1430 10400 Big Data 0 0 Google Scholar- Search all excluded citations and patents 2001-2005 2006-2010 Topic Decision Support 92000 224000 Enterprise Resource Planning 14900 20400 Business Performance Management 860 2410 Business Process Management 7310 17000 Business Process Reengineering 9840 13100 Supply Chain Management 26400 57900 Customer Relationship Management 16400 20100 Business Intelligence 12700 16600 Data Warehouse Or Data Warehousing 5920 9250 Data Mining 169000 463000 Text Mining 8670 19300 Web Mining 5850 12300 Business Analytics 423 1590 Knowledge Management 127000 205000 Knowledge Discovery 25800 50900 Big Data 721 2060 Google Scholar- Search all excluded citations and patents 2011- Tendency present Topic Decision Support 154000 [down arrow] 0 Enterprise Resource Planning 17600 [down arrow] 0 Business Performance Management 3590 [up arrow] 1 Business Process Management 17700 [up arrow] 1 Business Process Reengineering 14100 [up arrow] 1 Supply Chain Management 57500 [down arrow] 0 Customer Relationship Management 26200 [up arrow] 1 Business Intelligence 23400 [up arrow] 1 Data Warehouse Or Data Warehousing 10400 [up arrow] 1 Data Mining 238000 [down arrow] 0 Text Mining 20900 [up arrow] 1 Web Mining 16300 [up arrow] 1 Business Analytics 10400 [up arrow] 1 Knowledge Management 102000 [down arrow] 0 Knowledge Discovery 53600 [up arrow] 1 Big Data 32200 [up arrow] 1 Table 2. The frequency of simultaneous appearances of combination of topics from 1991-2016 Science Direct-Search by Title, abstract, keywords Combination of topics 1991-1995 1996-2000 "ERP" and "Decision support" 0 4 "ERP" and "Business performance -- -- management" " ERP" and "Business process management" 0 0 "ERP" and "Business process 0 0 reengineering" " ERP" and "Supply chain management" 0 3 "ERP" and "Customer relationship 0 4 management" "ERP" and "Business intelligence" 0 1 "ERP" and "Business intelligence" and 0 0 "Decision support" and "Supply chain management" and "Customer relationship management" "ERP" and "Business performance 0 0 management" and "Business intelligence" and "Decision support" and "Supply chain management" and "Customer relationship management" "ERP" and "business process -- -- reengineering" and "business intelligence" and " decision support" and " supply chain management" and " customer relationship management" "ERP" and "big data" -- -- "ERP" + "embedded analytics" 0 0 Science Direct-Search by Title, abstract, keywords Combination of topics 2001-2005 2006-2010 "ERP" and "Decision support" 37 67 "ERP" and "Business performance -- -- management" " ERP" and "Business process management" 0 0 "ERP" and "Business process 8 9 reengineering" " ERP" and "Supply chain management" 45 49 "ERP" and "Customer relationship 66 71 management" "ERP" and "Business intelligence" 33 39 "ERP" and "Business intelligence" and 16 21 "Decision support" and "Supply chain management" and "Customer relationship management" "ERP" and "Business performance 0 management" and "Business intelligence" and "Decision support" and "Supply chain management" and "Customer relationship management" "ERP" and "business process -- -- reengineering" and "business intelligence" and " decision support" and " supply chain management" and " customer relationship management" "ERP" and "big data" -- -- "ERP" + "embedded analytics" 0 Science Direct-Search by Title, abstract, keywords Combination of topics 2011-present Tendency "ERP" and "Decision support" 89 [up arrow] 1 "ERP" and "Business performance -- -- management" " ERP" and "Business process management" 2 [up arrow] 1 "ERP" and "Business process 52 [up arrow] 1 reengineering" " ERP" and "Supply chain management" 63 [up arrow] 1 "ERP" and "Customer relationship 106 [up arrow] 1 management" "ERP" and "Business intelligence" 68 [up arrow] 1 "ERP" and "Business intelligence" and 52 [up arrow] 1 "Decision support" and "Supply chain management" and "Customer relationship management" "ERP" and "Business performance 1 [up arrow] 1 management" and "Business intelligence" and "Decision support" and "Supply chain management" and "Customer relationship management" "ERP" and "business process -- -- reengineering" and "business intelligence" and " decision support" and " supply chain management" and " customer relationship management" "ERP" and "big data" -- -- "ERP" + "embedded analytics" 13 [up arrow] 1 Google Scholar- Search all excluded citations and patents Combination of topics 1991-1995 1996-2000 "ERP" and "Decision support" 124 999 "ERP" and "Business performance 2 9 management" " ERP" and "Business process management" 24 189 "ERP" and "Business process 14 544 reengineering" " ERP" and "Supply chain management" 95 1450 "ERP" and "Customer relationship 33 590 management" "ERP" and "Business intelligence" 22 310 "ERP" and "Business intelligence" and 1 18 "Decision support" and "Supply chain management" and "Customer relationship management" "ERP" and "Business performance 0 0 management" and "Business intelligence" and "Decision support" and "Supply chain management" and "Customer relationship management" "ERP" and "business process 0 7 reengineering" and "business intelligence" and " decision support" and " supply chain management" and " customer relationship management" "ERP" and "big data" 0 70 "ERP" + "embedded analytics" 0 0 Google Scholar- Search all excluded citations and patents Combination of topics 2001-2005 2006-2010 "ERP" and "Decision support" 5690 10400 "ERP" and "Business performance 171 639 management" " ERP" and "Business process management" 2330 6750 "ERP" and "Business process 2710 3870 reengineering" " ERP" and "Supply chain management" 9780 15200 "ERP" and "Customer relationship 6130 10000 management" "ERP" and "Business intelligence" 3220 6400 "ERP" and "Business intelligence" and 328 585 "Decision support" and "Supply chain management" and "Customer relationship management" "ERP" and "Business performance 10 65 management" and "Business intelligence" and "Decision support" and "Supply chain management" and "Customer relationship management" "ERP" and "business process 70 110 reengineering" and "business intelligence" and " decision support" and " supply chain management" and " customer relationship management" "ERP" and "big data" 129 226 "ERP" + "embedded analytics" 6 34 Google Scholar- Search all excluded citations and patents Combination of topics 2011-2016 Tendency "ERP" and "Decision support" 15300 [up arrow] 1 "ERP" and "Business performance 806 [up arrow] 1 management" " ERP" and "Business process management" 10200 [up arrow] 1 "ERP" and "Business process 4170 [up arrow] 1 reengineering" " ERP" and "Supply chain management" 16800 [up arrow] 1 "ERP" and "Customer relationship 13200 [up arrow] 1 management" "ERP" and "Business intelligence" 11300 [up arrow] 1 "ERP" and "Business intelligence" and 965 [up arrow] 1 "Decision support" and "Supply chain management" and "Customer relationship management" "ERP" and "Business performance 86 [up arrow] 1 management" and "Business intelligence" and "Decision support" and "Supply chain management" and "Customer relationship management" "ERP" and "business process 140 [up arrow] 1 reengineering" and "business intelligence" and " decision support" and " supply chain management" and " customer relationship management" "ERP" and "big data" 5180 [up arrow] 1 "ERP" + "embedded analytics" 50 [up arrow] 1 Table 3. Data Types, Platforms and Analytics Used for Operationalizing Analytics Data Types Used for Operationalizing Statistics Will use Analytics of today's for 3 use years from now Structured data(tales,records) 90% 8% App logs 24% 36% Real time messages 30% 46% Web logs and clickstreams 21% 40% Machine generated data 20% 39% Data from graph databases 15% 32% Social media data 22% 47% Streaming, real time continous data 16% 46% Unstructered data(audio video, text) 15% 48% Analytics Used for Operationalizing and Statistics Will use Embedding of today's for 3 use years from now Reporting 89% 9% visualisation 69% 26% Optimisation 28% 51% Predictive analytics 28% 59% Geospatial analytics 17% 37% What-if simulations 22% 57% Social media analytics 17% 46% Prescriptive analytics 18% 51% Text analytics 15% 45% Platforms Used for Operationalized Statistics Will use Analytics of today's within3 use years Data warehouse 74% 19% Other databases or data marts 73% 14% BI and analytics platforms 73% 24% Transaction systems 59% 16% Operational data stores 53% 23% In-memory analytics platforms 31% 38% Open source platforms 22% 25% Data appliances 19% 32% Public cloud platforms 19% 39% Native mobile platforms 15% 29% Hadoop 15% 39% In-memory grids 13% 27% Event stream processing engines/ 12% 29%