摘要：This article briefly summarises a selection of what we consider the key stages in the history of making use ofhigher altitudes (2 000 m a.s.l) to increase performance in sport. Altitude training and stays are currentlyconsidered one of the main ways to legally increase performance limits, primarily for endurance sports. Fromthe ancient Olympics up until the end of the nineteenth century, higher altitudes were not utilised to increaseperformance. In the first half of the twentieth century it was addressed for mountain climbers, as part ofmountain expeditions thousand-metre peaks. The first systematic findings on the use of altitude forincreasing sporting performance came from a study connected to preparations for the Olympics in MexicoCity (1968, 2 200 m a.s.l. In the 70s and 80s, the methodology of altitude training was elaborated upon, butonly in a small number of countries. The 1990s were characterised by a spread of altitude training camps tomany countries around the world. In this period, stays at artificially induced altitude (hypoxic tents,chambers, rooms) also began to be used increasingly. The start of the new millennium was characterised bypermanent relocation of (primarily) endurance athletes to altitudes.
关键词：hypoxia; sport; training; Olympic Games; history.
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