期刊名称：Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies
出版年度：2012
卷号：14
期号：1
页码：74
出版社：Loyola University Chicago
摘要：The discussion about the economic development of the countries within the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is mostly dominated by the macroeconomic perspectives. The productivity, innovativeness and international competitiveness of the industries of the MENA countries have been discussed mainly under the top down approach concluding that the institutions are the prime facilitators in the development of the industries. When the institutions do not move in parallel with the needs of the industry, it withers away, becomes inefficient, gets crippled with lesser chances of growth. Taking a bottom up approach this paper shows that competitive industry can emerge even where the institutions have not developed and the available ones are dysfunctional and under-resourced
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