摘要：It is well established that individuals tend to underestimate visually presented walkingspeeds when relying on treadmills for virtual walking. However, prior to the present studiesthis perceptual distortion had not been observed in relation to Walking-in-Place (WIP)locomotion, and a number of the factors contributing to the perceptual distortion have yet tobe identified. In this paper we present a summary of seven of our studies investigating whatfactors that influence self-motion perception during virtual walking and two meta-analyses ofthe findings of the seven studies. The studies relate to how gait cycle characteristics, visualdisplay properties, and methodological differences affect speed underestimation duringtreadmill and WIP locomotion. The studies suggested the following: A significant main effectwas found for step frequency; both display and geometric field of view were inverselyproportional to the degree of underestimation; varying degrees of peripheral occlusion andincreased HMD weight did not yield significant main effects; and the choice of method (i.e.,how the speeds were presented) had a significant effect on the upper and lower bounds ofwhat speeds were perceived as natural. All seven studies compared treadmill and WIPlocomotion and higher speeds were generally preferred during treadmill walking, but onlysome studies found a significant effect. Meta-analyses of the differences between the twomovement types revealed a significant difference and provided pooled estimates of themagnitude of this difference
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