摘要：Objectives. Under an ecodevelopmental framework, we examined lifetime segmented assimilation trajectories (diverging assimilation pathways influenced by prior life conditions) and related them to quality-of-life indicators in a diverse sample of 258 men in the Pheonix, AZ, metropolitan area. Methods. We used a growth mixture model analysis of lifetime changes in socioeconomic status, and used acculturation to identify distinct lifetime segmented assimilation trajectory groups, which we compared on life satisfaction, exercise, and dietary behaviors. We hypothesized that lifetime assimilation change toward mainstream American culture (upward assimilation) would be associated with favorable health outcomes, and downward assimilation change with unfavorable health outcomes. Results. A growth mixture model latent class analysis identified 4 distinct assimilation trajectory groups. In partial support of the study hypotheses, the extreme upward assimilation trajectory group (the most successful of the assimilation pathways) exhibited the highest life satisfaction and the lowest frequency of unhealthy food consumption. Conclusions. Upward segmented assimilation is associated in adulthood with certain positive health outcomes. This may be the first study to model upward and downward lifetime segmented assimilation trajectories, and to associate these with life satisfaction, exercise, and dietary behaviors. “Acculturation” refers to a process of cultural change and adaptation that occurs across time. 1 – 3 Despite this dynamic conception, most acculturation studies have examined acculturation at a single point in time, inferring health-related outcomes from cross-sectional comparisons across levels of acculturation. 4 Unfortunately, this static approach does not examine temporal changes in the process of acculturation. Segmented assimilation has been defined as “diverse patterns of adaptation whereby immigrant groups differentially adopt the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of divergent cultural groups in the United States.” 3 , 5 (p1344) More specifically, segmented assimilation is a process of cultural and economic integration into a “mainstream” society. Individuals and groups thus will differ in how effectively they succeed in their cultural and economic integration, as indicated by different assimilation trajectories (i.e., segmented assimilation). 5 Segmented assimilation theory 7 has identified 3 basic outcomes in this process of social integration: (1) acculturation change toward mainstream White American culture coupled with upward socioeconomic mobility (upward assimilation); (2) acculturation change and downward socioeconomic mobility into an underclass (downward assimilation); and (3) resistance to acculturation and to assimilation into the mainstream society (resistance to forced assimilation). 8 Downward assimilation is predicted for groups that have low social or human capital. 9 – 12 Within the United States, segmented assimilation has typically been examined for Latino populations, and recently it has been examined with Asian Americans. 13 Differing assimilation trajectories may be associated with variations in quality of life, as indicated by differing disease risks and health-related outcomes. 14 – 16 Among Latinos, acculturation toward mainstream American society has been associated with higher rates of alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drug use, 17 – 20 and with higher prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders. 21 , 22 By contrast, among Latinos, greater acculturation has also been associated with enhanced quality of life, including better employment, and access to health insurance and health care. 17
