摘要：We calculated population-based tuberculosis (TB) rates among HIV-infected persons in New York City from 2001 through 2005 using data from the city's TB and HIV/AIDS surveillance registries, and we examined those rates using linear trend tests and incidence rate ratios (IRRs). HIV-infected individuals had 16 times the TB rate of a “non-HIV” population (HIV status negative or unknown; IRR = 16.0; 95% confidence interval = 14.9, 17.2). TB rates declined significantly among the US-born HIV-infected population ( P trend < .001) but not among the foreign-born HIV-infected population ( P trend = .355). Such disparities must be addressed if further declines are to be achieved. HIV infection is the greatest known risk factor for progression from latent tuberculosis (TB) infection to active TB disease. 1 – 3 For HIV-infected individuals with latent tuberculosis infection, the risk of progression to active TB ranges from 4% to 16% per year, whereas the risk among HIV-negative individuals is 10% per lifetime. 4 , 5 Active disease among HIV-infected individuals can occur rapidly after TB infection. 6 Although TB rates have declined 56% in the United States since the early 1990s, 7 – 9 the estimated 56 300 new HIV infections in 2006 10 – 13 necessitate evaluation of HIV's impact on current TB epidemiology. We examined TB rates among HIV-infected individuals in New York City from 2001 through 2005.
