摘要：Humans and wildlife are exposed to an intractably large number of different combinations of chemicals via food, water, air, consumer products, and other media and sources. This raises concerns about their impact on public and environmental health. The risk assessment of chemicals for regulatory purposes mainly relies on the assessment of individual chemicals. If exposure to multiple chemicals is considered in a legislative framework, it is usually limited to chemicals falling within this framework and co-exposure to chemicals that are covered by a different regulatory framework is often neglected. Methodologies and guidance for assessing risks from combined exposure to multiple chemicals have been developed for different regulatory sectors, however, a harmonised, consistent approach for performing mixture risk assessments and management across different regulatory sectors is lacking. At the time of this publication, several EU research projects are running, funded by the current European Research and Innovation Programme Horizon 2020 or the Seventh Framework Programme. They aim at addressing knowledge gaps and developing methodologies to better assess chemical mixtures, by generating and making available internal and external exposure data, developing models for exposure assessment, developing tools for in silico and in vitro effect assessment to be applied in a tiered framework and for grouping of chemicals, as well as developing joint epidemiological-toxicological approaches for mixture risk assessment and for prioritising mixtures of concern. The projects EDC-MixRisk, EuroMix, EUToxRisk, HBM4EU and SOLUTIONS have started an exchange between the consortia, European Commission Services and EU Agencies, in order to identify where new methodologies have become available and where remaining gaps need to be further addressed. This paper maps how the different projects contribute to the data needs and assessment methodologies and identifies remaining challenges to be further addressed for the assessment of chemical mixtures.
关键词：AO adverse outcome ; ; AOP adverse outcome pathway ; ; BMD benchmark dose modelling ; ; BQE biological quality element ; ; CA concentration addition ; ; CAG cumulative assessment group ; ; CMEP chemical monitoring and emerging pollutants ; ; CRA cumulative risk assessment ; ; DART developmental and reproductive toxicity ; ; DEB dynamic energy budget ; ; EBT effect-based tools ; ; EDC endocrine disrupting chemical ; ; EQS environmental quality standard ; ; HBM human biomonitoring ; ; IA independent action ; ; IATA integrated approach to testing and assessment ; ; IPRA integrated probabilistic risk assessment ; ; iPSC induced pluripotent stem cells ; ; LOE lines of evidence ; ; MCR maximum cumulative ratio ; ; MCRA Monte Carlo risk assessment tool ; ; MEC measured exposure concentration ; ; MoA mode of action ; ; MRA mixture risk assessment ; ; MSFD Marine Strategy Framework Directive ; ; NAM new approach methodology ; ; PBTK physiologically based toxicokinetic (model) ; ; PEC predicted exposure concentration ; ; PNEC predicted no effect concentration ; ; QSAR quantitative structure activity relationship ; ; RDT repeated dose systemic toxicity ; ; TK toxicokinetic ; ; SMRI similar mixture risk indicator ; ; SYRINA systematic review and integrated assessment ; ; TTC Threshold of Toxicological Concern ; ; WFD Water Framework Directive
