摘要：Emotions appeared very early in phylogenetic andontogenetic development. The word emotionoriginates from the Latin verb movere. However,attempts to distinguish and name the conceptrepresented by the phrase emotion reach back to thebeginnings of human language. The compound andsubjective nature of emotions stress an essentialaspect of this phenomenon, which leads to changesin physiological, psychological, and behavioralissues. World literature dedicates significantattention to the mutual associations between thecognitive and adaptive processes and emotions.Emotions help to estimate the adaptational meaningof stimuli. Its cognitive aspect is, however, just assignificant. The review of the literature presentedherein is an attempt to classify and evaluateparticular emotions, both positive and negative, andthe influence they have on physical and mentalhealth. Paul Ekman, the author of one of the moreesteemed classification attempts, has distinguishedsix basic emotions: anger, disgust, fear, happiness,sadness, and surprise. These universal emotions arerecognized based on emotional facial expressions,the automatic reactions that unfold withinmicroseconds. Robert Plutchik, on the other hand,devised his „emotion wheel” upon which heorganized eight basic emotions by grouping them inpairs comprising a combination of positive andnegative emotions. He is also the author of one ofthe best framed emotional combination theories. Inthis respect, emotions play a crucial role ascompound model reactions to everyday situationssuch as a long-lasting effort ensuring survival andindividual development.
关键词：Classification of emotions; adaptation;cognition
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