摘要：Overall, this synthesis revealed that during printing these devices emit ultrafine particles, nanoscale particles, and volatile organic compounds in proportions that sometimes exceed the limit values for population protection. The “Fused Deposition Modeling” process (widely used in 3D printing), which employs thermoplastics as material, appears to emit more nanoparticles than the “Binder Jetting” process, which uses powder. A comparison with 2D printers showed that the latter also emit ultrafine particles in non-trivial proportions. None of the articles mentioned the presence or absence of manufactured nano-objects initially incorporated in the printing material, and the measurement methods used in the studies do not enable any conclusions about the initial nanometric nature of the materials. Finally, it is important to note that comparisons were difficult because the methods for estimating emission rates or measuring concentrations in air varied across studies. Common protocols for measurements should be developed in subsequent studies.
关键词：three-dimensional printing; pollutants; ambient air
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