摘要：We examined the relationship between paternal smoking and child mortality. Among 361 021 rural and urban families in Indonesia, paternal smoking was associated with increased infant mortality (rural, odds ratio [OR] = 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24, 1.35; urban, OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.20), and under-5 child mortality (rural, OR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.26, 1.37; urban, OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.23). Paternal smoking diverts money from basic necessities to cigarettes and adversely affects child health; tobacco control should therefore be considered among strategies to improve child survival. Tobacco companies have gradually shifted their market from high- to low- income countries, where people are less informed about the health risks of tobacco use and antismoking policies are relatively weak. 1 Among poor families in developing countries, smoking diverts money from basic necessities to cigarettes 2 and increases the risk of child malnutrition. 3 , 4 Environmental tobacco smoke increases respiratory disease in children. 5 The relationship between paternal smoking and child health has not been well characterized in developing countries. 1 We hypothesized that paternal smoking is associated with higher infant and under-5 child mortality among families in Indonesia.
