期刊名称：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
印刷版ISSN：0027-8424
电子版ISSN：1091-6490
出版年度：2018
卷号：115
期号：50
页码：E11578-E11585
DOI：10.1073/pnas.1814300115
语种：English
出版社：The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
摘要：The Kohn–Sham potential v eff ( r ) is the effective multiplicative operator in a noninteracting Schrödinger equation that reproduces the ground-state density of a real (interacting) system. The sizes and shapes of atoms, molecules, and solids can be defined in terms of Kohn–Sham potentials in a nonarbitrary way that accords with chemical intuition and can be implemented efficiently, permitting a natural pictorial representation for chemistry and condensed-matter physics. Let ϵ max be the maximum occupied orbital energy of the noninteracting electrons. Then the equation v eff ( r ) = ϵ max defines the surface at which classical electrons with energy ϵ ≤ ϵ max would be turned back and thus determines the surface of any electronic object. Atomic and ionic radii defined in this manner agree well with empirical estimates, show regular chemical trends, and allow one to identify the type of chemical bonding between two given atoms by comparing the actual internuclear distance to the sum of atomic radii. The molecular surfaces can be fused (for a covalent bond), seamed (ionic bond), necked (hydrogen bond), or divided (van der Waals bond). This contribution extends the pioneering work of Z.-Z. Yang et al. [Yang ZZ, Davidson ER (1997) Int J Quantum Chem 62:47–53; Zhao DX, et al. (2018) Mol Phys 116:969–977] by our consideration of the Kohn–Sham potential, protomolecules, doubly negative atomic ions, a bond-type parameter, seamed and necked molecular surfaces, and a more extensive table of atomic and ionic radii that are fully consistent with expected periodic trends.
关键词：atomic radius ; molecular surface ; Kohn–Sham potential ; chemical bonding ; classical turning point
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