出版社：Institute of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University
摘要：The article provides a critical overview of the Polish bioethics literature concerning the shortage of organs for transplantation. Problems related to this issue bear, to a considerable degree, on the attempt to answer the question how to increase the number of organs available in ethically acceptable ways. Polish authors have focused, in this respect, on the analysis and assessment of two solutions: an opt out system of acquiring organs and a system that allows the aquisition of organs on a “free market”. Both solutions have been almost unanimously negatively assessed. Apart from the presentation and critique of the positions of Polish bioethicists on this matter, an important part of the text is constituted by a report from a debate, held at the national level, on the criteria and definition of death: for it is only from the deceased donors that unpaired bodily organs, such as heart, can be taken.
关键词：transplantation ethics;organ shortage;opt out;presumed consent;market in organs;definition of death;Maria Nowacka;Barbara Chyrowicz;Günter Virt;Wojciech Rowiński;Robert M. Veath
