摘要：), which are protease-resistant and retain the original BBB shuttle activity of the parent peptide but are much less immunogenic than the parent peptide. Hence, we envisage that retro-D-peptides, which display a similar topological arrangement as their parent peptides, will expand drug design and help to overcome factors that lead to the failure of peptide pharmaceuticals in pre- and clinical trials. Furthermore, we reveal requirements to avoid or elicit specific humoral responses to therapeutic peptides, which might have a strong impact in both vaccine design and peptide therapeutic agents.
