Enterprise technological innovation is the backbone of the transformation of economic development mode in China, the optimization of economic structure, and the realization of national innovative development strategy. In order to promote the transformation and upgrading of the economic structure and encourage the the development of technological innovation of enterprises, a series of fiscal and tax policies which encourage technological innovation are introduced in China. Although the fiscal and tax incentives are generally adopted by the governments of the world, the research conclusions of the academia on the implementation effect of fiscal and tax policies are not unified. For this reason, in this paper, based on the data of listed companies on the Growth Enterprise Market from 2011 to 2017, the STATA 14.0-version software is used to analyze the sample data, and the relationship between the current fiscal policies and technological innovation is explored. The study results show that the fiscal and tax incentives positively affect the technological innovation of enterprises, which provides an important theoretical basis for the government to further improve fiscal and tax policies. Finally, based on the previous research contents, the corresponding conclusions are summarized, and relevant suggestions for improving the fiscal and tax incentive policies are proposed.