摘要：Objectives. To estimate the impact of the 2006 policy restricting use of trans fatty acids (TFAs) in New York City restaurants on change in serum TFA concentrations in New York City adults. Methods. Two cross-sectional population-based New York City Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys conducted in 2004 (n = 212) and 2013–2014 (n = 247) provided estimates of serum TFA exposure and average frequency of weekly restaurant meals. We estimated the geometric mean of the sum of serum TFAs by year and restaurant meal frequency by using linear regression. Results. Among those who ate less than 1 restaurant meal per week, geometric mean of the sum of serum TFAs declined 51.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 42.7, 58.3)—from 44.6 (95% CI = 39.7, 50.1) to 21.8 (95% CI = 19.3, 24.5) micromoles per liter. The decline in the geometric mean was greater ( P for interaction = .04) among those who ate 4 or more restaurant meals per week: 61.6% (95% CI = 55.8, 66.7) or from 54.6 (95% CI = 49.3, 60.5) to 21.0 (95% CI = 18.9, 23.3) micromoles per liter. Conclusions. New York City adult serum TFA concentrations declined between 2004 and 2014. The indication of greater decline in serum TFAs among those eating restaurant meals more frequently suggests that the municipal restriction on TFA use was effective in reducing TFA exposure. Public Health Implications. Local policies focused on restaurants can promote nutritional improvements. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and New York City. 1 Trans fatty acid (TFA) intake adversely alters the cholesterol profile (increasing low-density lipoprotein while lowering high-density lipoprotein) and is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease. 2 In 2003, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) mandated that the TFA content be included on nutrition labels of packaged foods by 2006. 3 However, this regulation did not apply to restaurant foods, leaving restaurant diners at a disadvantage. In 2006, the New York City Board of Health restricted TFA use in all New York City restaurants. 4 We estimated the change in serum TFA levels in the New York City adult population after policy implementation, overall and by weekly restaurant meal frequency (WRMF). We hypothesized that there would be population-wide declines in mean serum TFA levels consistent with national trends, but larger declines would be observed among frequent restaurant diners compared with those who hardly dined out..
