摘要：Rapidly training numerous staff and volunteers to distribute and dispense medical countermeasures is challenging because of limited resources and evolving information during public health emergencies. The Applied Learning and Development Team within the Division of State and Local Readiness at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) proposes just-in-time training (JITT) templates that can be rapidly customized and implemented early in any public health emergency. The proposed template model aligns with modular training design research to increase relevance and rapid deployment of training. Two case studies are described to demonstrate the potential for training templates to support medical countermeasure responses: (1) customization and implementation of a JITT to prepare staff to work on a CDC task force during the 2016–2017 Zika virus response and (2) a new modular, customizable course to teach the basics about working at a point-of-dispensing site. Flexible JITT templates in these cases reduce the burden on emergency planners and trainers, allowing for rapidly developed, customized training viable for all emergency responses. Medical countermeasures (MCMs) are life-saving medications or supplies administered widely in a public health emergency to treat and prevent associated conditions. Distribution and dispensing of MCMs in a public health emergency requires numerous staff and volunteers to assume new roles. These workers need just-in-time training (JITT) to learn how to complete their roles during various emergencies. In an MCM response, JITT is often taught by role (e.g., screening, dispensing) and covers topics including chain of command, job action sheets, critical skills, and communications. In these situations, JITT is ideal because training is delivered just before learners need the information, promoting content relevance and knowledge retention. Emergency planners can prepare JITT in advance for some public health emergencies, such as pandemic influenza and Category A disease outbreaks or bioterrorism agent releases; however, emerging infectious diseases pose a challenge because of limited and evolving knowledge about the diseases. Unpredictability of the next public health emergency makes developing thorough, incident-specific JITT difficult before a response. The Division of State and Local Readiness Applied Learning and Development Team (ALDT) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) proposes that jurisdictions create ready-to-use JITT templates that can be modified and used for any MCM dispensing campaign, instead of preparing detailed JITT for individual threats. When a public health emergency occurs that requires MCMs, the JITT template can be rapidly modified with incident-specific information and launched as a new training. This saves time, allowing for faster and earlier deployment of trained staff and volunteers when life-saving MCMs are needed.
