摘要：Discrete N-fold Darboux transformation (DT) is used to derive new bright and dark multi-soliton solutions of two higher-order Toda lattice equations. Propagation and elastic interaction structures of such soliton solutions are shown graphically. The details of their evolutions are studied via numerical simulations. Numerical results show the accuracy of our numerical scheme and the stable evolutions of such bright and dark multi-solitons without a noise. To compare the numerical evolution results with the classical Toda lattice equation, we also investigate the dynamical behaviors of the multi-soliton solutions for Toda lattice equation via numerical simulations, and we find that the multi-soliton solutions of Toda lattice equation have better stability and are more robust against a big noise than its two corresponding higher-order equations. The same small noise has different effect on the evolutions of the multi-soliton solutions for three different equations in the same hierarchy. The possible reason is that the higher-order nonlinear terms of the higher-order equation cause the instability of the wave propagation. The discrete generalized ( n , N − n ) $(n,N-n)$ -fold DTs are constructed and used to derive some discrete rational solutions of three equations, and a few mathematical features for such rational solutions are also discussed. Results might be helpful for understanding the propagation of nonlinear waves in soliton theory.
关键词：Higher-order Toda lattice equation ; Discrete N -fold Darboux transformation ; Discrete bright and dark multi-soliton solutions ; Rational solutions ; Numerical simulations
