Visibility of Iranian LIS Departments in ResearchGate: An Altmetric Study.
Alijani, Rahim ; Mortazavipour, Seyedeh Fahimeh ; Khasseh, Ali Akbar 等
Visibility of Iranian LIS Departments in ResearchGate: An Altmetric Study.
1. Introduction
Social networks are considered as a form of social media that
provide access to a new form of communication and information sharing on
the Internet. These networks not only have a profound impact on the
social aspects of users in different societies, but also have many
benefits in various fields, such as education and medicine. Moreover, in
today's world where communication is the cause of the sharing of
thoughts and the exchange of sciences, social networks can be considered
as an effective platform in scientific activities, sharing of beliefs,
and individual and social growth. Therefore, social networks are
powerful tools in many activities (Nowkarizi and Narmenji, 2012).
Because of the emergence of social web and its impact on the
communication of people and scientific activities of various societies,
it has led to the creation of new research contacts among researchers.
However, measurement of the impact of new research communications was
not applicable by traditional citation indicators. For this reason, with
the advent of the Web, attempts were made to use the information
contained in this environment to assess the scientific impact which its
result was emergence of new indicators such as Webometrics. In recent
years, by growing technology and the possibility of an expansive survey,
the ability to observe suggestions, conversations and online chats about
documents and also free access to scientific resources, a term called
Altimetrics is created that can measure and evaluate resources in the
Web environment. It provides a new indicator in the social sciences
network environment. Altmetrics means measuring through alternative and
unconventional measurements. Altmetrics in general is defined as a
measure of the use of scientific works in social media, and in
particular means a measure by mentioning of scientific works on
Facebook, Twitter, Wikipedia, blogs and citation management tools such
as Mendeley, Zotero, CiteULike, and so on (Zahedi, 2014).
In Altmetrics, the amount of the presence and impact of researchers
and their research in virtual social media is measured; thus it gives a
new dimension to quantitative studies. While traditional measures such
as scientometrics and bibliometrics are measured merely by the
statistics and mathematics of scientific productions, in Altmetrics, the
situation is completely different, and what takes attention is the
amount of use of scientific production of researchers across the world
that are visible and accessible in related media.
Accordingly, the present survey intends to study the presence of
faculty members of Library and Information Science (LIS) departments in
Iran based on altmetrics indicators in ResearchGate.
In line with the above purposes, this study seeks to answer the
following questions:
1--How is the ranking of Iran's LIS departments based on RG
score in ResearchGate?
2--Which LIS departments of Iran have more presence in the
ResearchGate?
3--Which Iranian LIS departments have uploaded more scholarly
resources in ResearchGate?
4--Which LIS departments of Iran have more members in the
ResearchGate?
5--Who are the most cited faculty members of LIS departments in the
ResearchGate?
6--Which faculty members have higher RG score than others in
ResearchGate?
7--Which faculty members have uploaded the most research items on
the ResearchGate?
8--Who are the most active faculty members in terms of number of
reads in ResearchGate?
9--Who are the most active faculty members in terms of the number
of followers and following in the ResearchGate?
10--Who are the most active faculty members in terms of the number
of articles in the ResearchGate?
11--Who are the most active faculty members in terms of the number
of books in the ResearchGate?
2. Literature Review
Several researchers have used Altmetric indicator as one of the
most important methods to evaluate scientific productions, researchers,
and so on in various fields on scientific social networks particularly
ResrearchGate. Some of these studies are briefly summarized as follows:
The use of English-language publications published in Iranian
international journals in Mendeley (Zahedi, 2014), universities and
research institutes in the ResrearchGate (Erfanmanesh, Asnafi and
Arshadi, 2014), evaluation of RG score and researchers rankings in
ResearchGate (Janmohammadi, Rahmani and Rutan, 2016), attendance of
faculty members of Shahid Beheshti University in ResearchGate (Asnafi,
2015)), the presence of researchers from Ahvaz universities in
ResearchGate (Asnafi et al., 2015), the presence of Iranian researchers
in ResearchGate and Scopus (Rezaie-Sharifabadi, Ghaebi and Salim, 2016),
the relationship between Web of Science and ResearchGate indicators of
Iranian researchers (Batooli, 2017), the presence of surgeons in
ResearchGate (Nikkar, Alijani, and Ghazizadeh, 2017), the study and
analysis of scientific data in terms of citation Altmetric indicators
(Peters et al., 2016), the role of ResearchGate in the development of
scientific-scholarly activities among faculty members in Tehran's
Engineering College (Asnafi and Rahmani, 2017), bibliometric and
altmetric study of high citations to resources in top universities of a
case study in computer science (Luo et al., 2018), researchers
scientific performance in ResearchGate (Naderbeigi and
Isfandyari-Moghaddam, 2018), altmetric analysis of top cited articles of
University of Madras (Batcha, 2018), and the association between twitter
and citation pattern for scholarly articles (Ravikumar and Khonglam,
2018).
As can be inferred from previous studies, research in almetrics is
increasing. Therefore, this research intends to measure the visibility
and activities of Iranian Library and Information Science (LIS)
departments in ResearchGate.
3. Research Methodology
The present study is conducted by using content analysis, with
scientometric approach and also by using Altmetrics method. The research
population of this study consisted of all faculty members of LIS
departments in Iranian universities. Data in this study is collected,
ordered and analyzed in three stages.
In the first step, the names of faculty members, telephone numbers
of the professor's offices at the relevant faculty, mobile phones
and their e-mail addresses are collected from their university websites.
Then, through e-mails or phone calls to each of faculty members, names
of LIS faculty members of the target university are clearly identified
and then the necessary data is collected.
In the second step, all names of faculty members in their English
form are searched on ResearchGate, and the data including RG score,
number of reads, number of following and followers, number of research
items, etc. are saved.
In the third step, by using SPSS software, all data are analyzed
based on descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean and
standard deviation.
4. Results
Question 1 : What is the ranking of Iranian LIS departments based
on RG score in ResearchGate?
As the data in Table 1 shows, the "University of Isfahan"
is ranked first with the average score of RG 14.11 and standard
deviation of 6.72, and "Islamic Azad University of Hamedan",
"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences", "Tabriz
University of Medical Sciences", "Payame Noor
University", "Shiraz University", "Tarbiat Modares
University", "Shahed University", "Shahid Chamran
University of Ahvaz" and "Isfahan University of Medical
Sciences" are in second to tenth places, respectively. Due to the
large number of universities with the LIS departments, only top 10
universities are listed in the table. Moreover, findings revealed that
"Zahedan University of Medical Sciences" and "Razi
University" have no RG scores.
In this part of the research, in order to achieve a reliable and
correct answer, the number of faculty members of the LIS departments in
Iran who were present at ResearchGate are compared with RG, and then
mean and standard deviation of them are calculated which the results are
in table 1.
Question 2: Which Iranian LIS departments have more presence in
ResearchGate?
As can be observed in table 2, "University of Isfahan"
with the average of 109.67 items of research and standard deviation of
84.03 is ranked first, followed by "Shahid Beheshti
University" with a mean of 44.50 and "Payame Noor
University" with an average of 43.50.
Question 3: Which LIS departments in Iran have uploaded more
scholarly resources in ResearchGate?
To answer the third research question, 36 universities with
scientific resources uploaded on ResearchGate have been featured in
detail. As the data in Table 3 shows, "Isfahan University"
ranked first with 329 research items represent 13.66% of all research
items uploaded by faculty members in LIS departments. Thereafter,
"Payame Noor University" with 261 items and "Isfahan
University of Medical Sciences" with 183 items ranked second and
third, respectively.
Question 4: Who are the most highly cited faculty members in LIS
Departments of Iranian Universities in ResearchGate?
Considering the large number of faculty members in LIS department,
the results for top ten faculty members is reported in table 4. As table
4 shows, "Farideh Osareh" with 478 citations is ranked first.
"Alireza Esfandiari-Moghadam" ranked second with 249 citations
and "Amin Erfanmanesh" with 246 citations is ranked third.
Also, "Asefeh Asemi" with 231 citations and "Rahim
Alijani" with 209 citations are ranked fourth and fifth,
respectively. In general, top ten faculty members received a total of
4267 citations in ResearchGate.
Question 5: Which faculty members ranked higher than others in RG
in ResearchGate?
As data in table 5 clearly shows, "Alireza
Esfandiari-Moghaddam" with a score of 28.28 ranked first. "Ali
Akbar Khasseh" scored 24.96 that occupied the second place, while
"Hajar Sotudeh" with the score of 20.26 ranked third.
Question 6: Which faculty members have uploaded most research items
in ResearchGate?
According to Fig. 1, faculty members with their number and
percentage of research items uploaded in the ResearchGate are reported.
"Asefe Asemi" is ranked first with 195 document and "Amin
Erfanmanesh" with 107 and "Rahim Alijani" with 106
document are ranked second and third, respectively. Also, Alireza
Esfandiari-Moghaddam with 95 document and Amir Reza Asnafi with 87
document are ranked fourth and fifth respectively. Top ten faculty
members have uploaded 2411 document on this network.
Question 7: who are the most active faculty members in ResearchGate
based on the number of reads?
Because of the large number of faculty members, in order to answer
this research question, only top ten faculty members who have received
the most readings are included in the Figure 2. Based on the figure,
"Rahim Alijani" with 24545 reads is in the first place and
"Asefe Asemi" with 22,986 reads and "Ali Akbar
Khasseh" with 17,353 readings are ranked second and third. In
general, top ten faculty members gained 156858 documents reads on this
network.
Question 8: Who are the most active faculty members based on the
number of followers in ResearchGate?
In this part of research, faculty members totally have 5516
Fallowing which is reported in table 6. Based on the data in table 6,
"Amir Reza Asnafi" is ranked first with 305 following and
"Amin Erfanmanesh" with 265 and "Ali Sadat Mousavi"
with 261 following in the second and third places, respectively.
Besides, The number of 109 faculty members who has also been followed
reported in the table. Again, "Amir Reza Asnafi" is ranked
fist with 267 followers, "Maryam Sarrafzadeh" with 259
followers in the second place and "Amin Erfanmansh" with 178
followers is ranked in the third place.
Question 9: Who are the most active faculty members based on number
of articles in ResearchGate?
Figure 3 shows top 10 faculty members of LIS departments who have
uploaded their articles in ResearchGate. As it can be observed, these 10
faculty members have uploaded a total of 1822 articles on this network.
"A. Asemi" with 101 articles ranked first, "A.
Erfanmanesh" with 91 articles and "A.
Esfandiari-Moghadam" with 89 articles are in second and third
places, respectively.
Question 10: Who are the most active faculty members based on the
number of books in ResearchGate?
Figure 4 shows top ten researchers who have uploaded books in the
ResearchGate social and scientific network. These top faculty members of
LIS departments have generally uploaded 123 of their books on this
network. In this regard, "R. Alijani" uploaded 44 books and is
ranked first, "A. Khasseh", with 15 books is in the second
place and "A. Asemi" with 12 books is in third place.
5. Discussion and conclusions
The results of this survey shows that "University of
Isfahan" with RG mean score of 14.11 and the standard deviation of
6.72 is ranked first and then "Islamic Azad University of
Hamedan" and "Tabriz University of Medical Sciences" are
respectively ranked second and third. Since RG score is an integrative
indicator for assessing scientific validation of researchers in the
ResearchGate, all activities that researchers will perform in
ResearchGate will be among the factors that will promote their ranks.
Calculation of RG is based on four factors: 1. Number of shared
publications. 2. The researcher's activity in asking questions. 3.
Answers to the others questions 4. Followers. Therefore, faculty members
of LIS departments should be aware that their only presence on this
network is not enough at all and they should be in interaction with
other researchers, too.
Asking and answering questions is an active and important approach
that faculty members can increase their followers. Also, it is important
to share their full-text works, if possible, so that others can use it.
These are items that they can promote their RG score and then the rank
of their university and country will be enhanced. The results of this
part of the study are consistent with the results of Batooli (2017), Luo
et al. (2018) and Peters et al. (2016). These researchers focused on the
importance of RG score and how to increase it and they have mentioned
that interaction and activity in scientific social networks are the main
factors on influencing RG score.
The results of this research on the part of which universities in
the research items have the most presence on ResearchGate, shows that
the "University of Isfahan" with the mean of 109.67 research
items and standard deviation of 84.03 is ranked first and then
"Shahid Beheshti University" and "Payame Noor
University" ranked second and third, respectively. Networks and
scientific circles causes the development of science and the sharing of
knowledge. Social networks epidemic, such as the ResearchGate, have
changed the way researchers work. Scientific social networks have been
able to create new patterns for scientific communication and
interactions. Therefore, it is advisable that the faculty members of LIS
departments not lose this pure condition and as soon as possible prove
their presence by uploading their research items and interactions with
other researchers beside begins their scientific and social
collaboration without hesitation. The results of this part of the
research are inconsistent with the results of Asnafi (2015), as he
concludes that scholars at "Shahid Beheshti University" have
not had a significant presence in ResearchGate. While in this study,
faculty members of "Shahid Beheshti University" are ranked in
second place.
According to the most active faculty members of LIS departments in
Iranian universities based on the number of citations, "Farideh
Osareh" with 478 citations is ranked first. "Alireza
Esfandiari-Moghaddam" with the second rank of 249 citations and
"Amin Erfanmanesh" with 246 citations is ranked in the second
place. Considering the fact that ResearchGate collects only citations
related to research works that have been uploaded in it, faculty members
should be aware to submit their research works to take the citations
individually. Also, the possibility of obtaining citations increases by
activity in social science networks which helps the member to become
more popular and consequently to be cited more. Therefore, it is
suggested that faculty members consider all Altmetric features to
benefit from it more. The results of this study are consistent with the
results of Luo et al. (2018). They indicated that uploading articles in
ResearchGate could be meaningful to have a better score in Altmetric.
But this study does not fit with the research had done by Peters et al.
(2016), as they found that there is no correlation between the number of
citations and the total number of Altmetric scores. They believe that
citation is just one of Altmetric factors and it does not have more
priority than the other parameters.
Regarding faculty members who received the highest RG score,
results showed that "Esfandiari-Moghaddam" ranked first with
RG score of 28.28. "Khasseh" with the score of 24.96 ranked
second and "Sotudeh" with the score of 20.26 ranked the third
place. Taking higher RG score will be calculated by uploading some
publications, asking questions, answering questions and the number of
followers, it is suggested that faculty members should raise their RG
score in these items. This study shows that may faculty members have a
higher number of publications and readings, but their RG score is in a
lower position due to their lack of attention to these important items.
The results of Luo et al. (2018) and Peters et al. (2016) proved the
results of this part of the research. a
Based on research items, results uncovered that "Asemi"
is ranked first by uploading 195 document and "Erfanmanesh"
with 107 is in the second place and "Alijani" with 106
document is ranked third. By taking this point that one of the issues
that increases RG score is the number of research items, it is better
that faculty members of LIS departments, by paying attention to this
matter, upload their research items not only to receive citation but
also increase their RG score. The results of this part of research are
in line with the results of Janmohammadi, Rahmani and Rutan (2016).
Results showed that "Rahim Alijani" with 24545 reads is
in the first place, "Asefeh Asemi" with 22986 readings is
ranked second and "Ali Akbar Khasseh" with 17353 reads is
ranked third. Since faculty members are considered as pioneers in
scientific advancements, other researchers would like to follow their
scientific production and their new findings to be up to date about
their research. These cases, although have a little effect on RG score
but it shows the position and condition of the faculty member whose
research items were noticeable. It seems that ResearchGate considers it
important and should be effective in RG score. Researches which is done
by Luo et al. (2018) and Peters et al. (2016), Ponte and Simoun (2011),
Nikkar, Alijani and Ghazizadeh (2017) confirm the results of this
section of the research.
In terms of the number of followers, findings indicated
"Asnafi" is ranked first with 305, "Erfanmanesh"
with 265 in second place and "Sadat-Mousavi" is ranked third
with 261 followers. The results of Nikkar, Alijani and Ghazizadeh
(2017), Batooli (2017) and Rezaie-Sharifabadi, Ghaebi and Salimi (2016)
are consistent with the results of this research. So that the number of
researchers following in scientific social networks can affect the
number of citations and other indicators of altimetrics and in general,
scientometrics. According to the follower's feature, 109 faculty
members had followers that "Asnafi" 267 followers is ranked in
the first place, "Sarrafzadeh" with 259 followers is in second
place and "Erfanmansh" with 178 followers is ranked third. Due
to number of followers are influential in RG score, faculty members by
answering, questioning and interacting with other researchers should try
to attract more followers. The results of Janmohammadi, Rahmani and
Rutan (2016), Nikkar, Alijani and Ghazizadeh (2017), Batooli (2017) and
Rezaie-Sharifabadi, Ghaebi and Salimi (2016) prove the results of this
section of research. All of these studies have emphasized on interaction
and activity in this social network and pointed to its importance.
The results of faculty members who have uploaded most of their
articles on ResearchGate indicated that "Asemi" with 101
articles is ranked first, "Erfanmanesh" with 91 articles and
"Esfandiari-Moghadam" with 89 articles are in second and third
places, respectively. In this case, it can be argued that faculty
members of LIS departments should become familiar with other items that
can be uploaded on this network, such as posters, PowerPoints, data,
thesis, book chapters, and so on and do not neglect them. But it should
be kept in mind that articles are one of the most important scientific
sources and it should be prioritized because researchers use academic
papers to use them in their resources.
In the case of the most active faculty members in terms of the
number of uploaded books on ResearchGate, the results showed that
"Rahim Alijani" is ranked first by uploading 44 books,
"Ali Akbar Khasseh" with 15 books is ranked in the second
place, and "Asefeh Asemi" with 12 books equivalent to 9.76% of
all uploaded books is in the third place. Based on this part of research
it can be argued that books are one of the most important and main
sources of research that professional researchers use them a lot.
Therefore, if faculty members are compiling, translating or writing a
book, it is advised that they should at least upload the first pages or
chapters of it to be used by researchers. According to the results of
this research section, Rahim Alijani and Ali Akbar Khasseh, members of
LIS departments of Payame Noor University, have been leading in this
regard and have proven their importance in practice.
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Rahim Alijani
Department of Information Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran,
Iran
Seyedeh Fahimeh Mortazavipour
Department of Information Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran,
Iran
Ali Akbar Khasseh
Department of Information Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran,
Iran, Email: khasseh@pnu.ac.ir
Table 1: Ranking of departments based on RG score
Rank University RG Mean Standard
score deviation
1 University of Esfahan 14.11 6.72
2 Hamedan Islamic Azad University 11.55 14.51
3 Tabriz University of Medical Sciences 10.47 9.46
4 Allameh Tabatabai University 9.89 4.47
5 Payame Noor university 9.72 10.21
6 Shiraz University 9.56 8.32
7 Tarbiat Modares University 9.15 8.14
8 Shahed University 8.92 4.32
9 Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz 8.13 9.10
10 Isfahan University of Medical Sciences 8.08 4.97
Table 2: Presence of departments in ResearchGate
Rank University Research Standard
Item Mean deviation
1 University of Esfahan 109.67 84.03
2 Shahid Beheshti University 44.50 60.10
3 Payame Noor university 43.50 43.90
4 Shahed University 42.67 7.77
5 Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz 40 33.96
6 Hamedan Islamic Azad University 37 50.48
7 Kharazmi University 35.33 11.60
8 Tarbiat Modares University 34 33.94
9 University of Medical Sciences 30 33.92
10 Tabriz University of Medical Sciences 23.33 21.73
Table 3: Iranian LIS scholarly resources in ResearchGate
Rank University No. %
1 University of Esfahan 329 13.66
2 Payame Noor 261 10.84
3 Isfahan University of Medical Sciences 183 7.60
4 Shahed University 128 5.32
5 Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz 120 4.98
6 Hamedan Islamic Azad University 111 4.61
7 Kharazmi University 106 4.40
8 Ferdowsi University of Mashhad 98 4.07
9 Allameh Tabatabai University 92 3.82
10 Tabriz University 91 3.78
Table 4: The most active faculty members in citation
Rank Name No. %
1 Farideh Osareh 478 10.95
2 Alireza Esfandiyari-Moghadam 249 5.71
3 Amin Erfanmanesh 246 5.64
4 Asefeh Asemi 231 5.29
5 Rahim Alijani 209 4.79
6 Sirous Pnahi 181 4.15
7 Maryam Sarafzadeh 168 3.85
8 Afsaneh Hazeri 160 3.67
9 Mitra Smiei 154 3.53
10 Hajar Sotudeh 135 3.09
Total of Citations 4267 100
Table 5: Top ten LIS faculty members in ResearchGate
Rank Name and last name RG score
1 Alireza Esfandiyari-Moghadam 28.28
2 Ali Akbar Khasseh 24.96
3 Hajar Sotudeh 20.26
4 Amin Erfanmanesh 19.71
5 Vahideh Zare Gavgani 18.39
6 Farideh Osareh 17.96
7 Rahim Alijani 17.43
8 Asefeh Asemi 15.95
9 Mohammad Hassanzadeh 14.91
10 Shahram Sedghi 14.4
Table 6: Active faculty member based on followers and following
Following
Rank Name No. %
1 Amir Reza Asnafi 305 5.53
2 Amin Erfanmanesh 265 4.80
3 Ali Sadat Mousavi 262 4.75
4 Rasoul Zavareghi 254 4.60
5 Abd Alrasoul Khosravi 245 4.44
6 Fatemeh Baji 213 3.86
7 Abd Al Hossein Frajpahlu 193 3.50
8 Faramarz Soheili 148 2.68
9 Hamzeh Ali Noor Mohammadi 146 2.65
10 Atefeh Sharif 132 2.39
Total 5516 100.00
Follower
Rank Name No. %
1 Amir Reza Asnafi 267 5.90
2 Maryam Sarafzadeh 259 5.73
3 Amin Erfanmanesh 178 3.93
4 Saeed Asadi 157 3.47
5 Mahdi Alipour Hafezi 142 3.14
6 Abd Al Hossein Frajpahlu 132 2.92
7 Rasool Zavareghi 115 2.54
8 Farideh Osareh 111 2.45
9 Shahram Sedghi 111 2.45
10 Alireza Esfandiyari-Moghadam 106 2.34
Total 4524 100.00
Fig. 1: Faculty members with highest research items in
ResearchGate
A. Asemi 195
M. Erfanmanesh 107
R. Alijani 106
A. Esfandiyari Moghaddam 95
A. Asnafi 87
A. Khasseh 79
A. Farajpahloo 63
F. Zare Farashbandi 62
M. Hasanzadeh 58
F. Soheili 57
Note: Table made from bar graph.
Fig. 2: Active faculty members based on the number of document reads
R. Alijani 24545
A. Asemi 22986
A. Khasseh 17353
M. Erfanmanesh 6298
F. Baji 4320
A. Esfandiyari Moghaddam 4189
A. Asnafi 3551
M. Sarrafzadeh 3223
S. Asadi 3193
H.A. Noormohammadi 2962
Note: Table made from bar graph.
Fig 3: Active Faculty members based on the article numbers
A. Asemi 102
M. Erfanmanesh 91
A. Esfandiyari Moghaddam 89
F. Zare Farashbandi 61
A. Khasseh 59
F. Osareh 57
F. Soheili 54
j. Ghazi Mirsaeid 53
A. Asnafi 50
R. Alijani 45
Note: Table made from bar graph.
Fig. 4: Active faculty members based on the number of books
A. Alijani 44
A. Khasseh 15
A. Asemi 12
M. Taheri 10
A. Asnafi 5
A. Esfandiyari Moghaddam 3
A. Hamdipoor 3
N. Khaegi 3
M. Zerehsaz 2
A. Farajpahloo 2
Note: Table made from bar graph.
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