1. Introduction

Social networks have taken over our lives; that they are playing significant role in shaping the dynamics of social interaction online and improving our life experience on the internet. The popularity of social networks is mainly attributed to the new ways that they offer for social collaboration, community building, participation and sharing information in virtual space. Facebook is the largest most popular social networking site on the internet and mobile services commanding close to 7 million visitors per month, twice as many visitors as Twitter and Linkedin put together command. Mark Zuckerberg created it (then called "Thefacebook") just when he was in his dorm room at Harvard University (Markoff, 2007). Within 1 month of its creation, half of the Harvard student population had signed up (Phillips, 2007). Facebook quickly expanded the list of its approved networks, allowing Facebook to reach a wider range of users. By 2005, Facebook allowed access to over 800 college and university networks as well as high-school networks (Arrington, 2005). In 2006, Facebook continued to expand its network base, allowing access to over 22,000 commercial organization networks (Zywica & Danowski, 2008). Its last major network expansion occurred in 2006, which allowed access to anyone over the age of 13 with a valid e-mail address. The rapid expansion of approved networks was followed by a dramatic rise in user growth. Even with such an incredible success, the growth of Facebook shows little sign of abating. By expanding globally as well as attracting a wider range of age groups, Facebook has been able to continue to maintain its rapid growth. Facebook originated in the United States, but more than 80% of current Facebook users now live outside the United States. Majority of new growth is occurring internationally, with Facebook available in over 70 languages. Facebook has 936 million daily active users on an average for March 2015, 798 million mobile daily active users on an average for March 2015, 1.44 billion monthly active users as of March 31, 2015, 1.25 billion mobile monthly active users as of March 31, 2015. Approximately 82.8% of our daily active users are outside the US and Canada. (Facebook, 2015) As Facebook continues to grow around the world, language is becoming an increasingly important factor for marketers striving to reach their local and global audience. The social network is highly localized and is currently available in over 70 languages [1-5]

Since its creation in February 2004, Facebook has become a spectacular success by creating a massive new domain in which millions of social interactions are played out every day. This burgeoning new sphere of social behavior is inherently fascinating, but it also provides scholars with an unprecedented opportunity to observe behavior in a naturalistic setting, test hypotheses in a novel domain, and recruit participants efficiently from many countries and demographic groups [6-7]. There are many reasons for relevance of Facebook as a topic for research to research scholars. Activities registered on Facebook (e.g., connecting to others, expressing preferences, providing status updates) leave a wealth of concrete, observable data, with potential to provide many opportunities for studying human behavior previously that were difficult to assess (e.g., making friends, chatting). Social scientists are sometimes accused of failing to examine actual behavior, relying instead on hypothetical or retrospective self-reports of behavior [8-9].

Facebook became popular because of social factors, such as the rapid uptake of social media by younger age groups; economic factors such as the increasing affordability of computers and software, and growing commercial interest in social media sites. Facebook can be used anywhere, at any time, where an Internet connection is available. Facebook being popular across a broad spectrum of demographic groups and in many different countries, it has the potential to offer a unique source of information about human behavior with levels of ecological validity that are hard to match in most common research settings. Facebook and other online social networks are interesting topics to social scientists. This is because in addition to reflecting existing social processes, they also spawn new ones by changing the way hundreds of millions of people relate to one another and share information. Also the rise of online social networks brings both new benefits and dangers to society, which warrants careful consideration. The benefits associated with Facebook, such as the strengthening of social ties, are tempered by concerns about privacy and information disclosure [7]. As Facebook becomes increasingly integrated into everyday life, it becomes necessary to monitor and examine the platform's positive and negative impacts on society.

Scholars from a wide variety of disciplines--ranging from law, economics, sociology, and psychology, to information technology, management, marketing, and computer-mediated communication--have recognized the importance of Facebook as a topic for research [7].

It was observed that much of research studies undertaken on Facebook covered issues relating to politics, political process, social movements and business performance. Of the business issues, marketing, organizational performance and efficacy, brand management, and consumer behavior were found to be popular Facebook research topics. Because of their distinct disciplinary affiliations and research goals, research scholars had followed largely independent paths in understanding Facebook research issues and published their findings in a broad range of national and international journals and conference proceedings. Though each discipline-bound study was indeed interesting and valuable in its own right but these studies sough to provide only a narrow view of what is known about Facebook. Besides, online social networks varied dramatically in the breadth of their coverage. Some of the articles focused exclusively on Facebook issues, whereas several others covered Facebook in the context of other online social networks [10].

1.1 Literature Review

The literature review suggests that only a few studies are currently available on quantitative assessment of literature and that these studies focussed mainly on social media, not on Facebook research per se. Among such available studies, Coursaris, and Van Osch (11) examined 610 global publications on social media covering the period Oct.2004 - Dec.2012 and determined the contribution and citation impact of individuals, institutions and countries. The findings suggest explosion in publication productivity, identification of leading authors, institutions, countries and of a small set of foundational papers. Social media as a domain displays limited diversity but it is heavily influenced by practitioners. Gan and Wang [12] made a bibliometric assessment of 646 global publications in social media research that had appeared in journals under the subject category "Information Science & Library Science" of the Social Science Citation Index. The authors studied distribution of publications output by descriptors, countries, journals, authorships and author keywords and used this distributed data to evaluate research performance and determine research trends. Basak and Calisir [13] made a bibliometric evaluation of the publications (4714) related to Facebook during 2005-13. The annual number of publications increased from 1 in 2005 to 1823 in 2013. The United States was found to be the most productive country and English was the most frequently used language among all publications. Moreover, Computers in Human Behavior was the main distribution channel. Besides, engineering, business and economics, and education were the top three most popular research areas.

The literature review on the application of Facebook to different subject fields presented below underlines that the view that many of these studies were focused more on content analysis as a means for trend monitoring in Facebook research. The review highlights the view that not even a single study had so far appeared on bibliometric analysis of Facebook research.

Wilson, Gosling and Graham [7] reviewed 412 articles on application of Facebook research to social sciences, sorted them into 5 categories: descriptive analysis of users, motivations for using Facebook, identity presentation, the role of Facebook in social interactions, and privacy and information disclosure. Caers, Couck, Stough, Vigna and Dt Bois [14] reviewed articles on Facebook research during 2006-12. They pointed out how many of the articles suffer from limited scope (in terms of small sample size as well as in the number of countries included in the studies) and secondly how frequent changes to Facebook's design and features make it is necessary to revisit many of these articles and integrate their research findings. They also provided a critical discussion and directions for future research. Blachnio, Przepiorka and Rudnicka [15] presented the main trends in Facebook research and explored topics in Facebook research. These include studies that concentrate on personality and individual differences among users, the role of self-efficacy, and motivation for using Facebook. There is a growing trend in empirical studies that focuses on testing advanced theoretical models of Facebook usage determinants. Technology acceptance model, presented in this article, is one of the most often used among them. This kind of approach may serve as a suggestion for a methodological conceptualization in the future confirmatory research on Facebook. Aydin [16] reviewed of Facebook research in the area of education and presented results under six sections: Facebook users; reasons people use Facebook; harmful effects of Facebook; Facebook as an educational environment; Facebook's effects on culture, language, and education; and the relationship between Facebook and subject variables. It concluded there has been a serious lack of research on Facebook's use as an educational resource. Current literature reflects how Facebook might be utilized more readily in the educational environment. According to Tess [17], social media (including Facebook and Twitter) are increasingly becoming visible in higher education settings as instructors look to technology to mediate and enhance their instruction as well as promote active learning for students. Many scholars argue for the purposeful integration of social media as an educational tool. Most of the existing research on the utility and effectiveness of social media in the higher education class is limited to self-reported data (e.g., surveys, questionnaires) and content analyses. Cvijki and Michahelles [18] i categorized Facebook public posts under three trend monitoring topics: 'disruptive events', 'popular topics' and 'daily routines'. They compared the distribution and diffusion of Facebook posts under these categories to determine their characteristics and understand emerging trends on Face book. Warren., Sulaiman and Jaafar [19] findings indicate that activists are using Facebook to shape the traditional civic engagement landscape in an online realm. Future opportunities for this stream of research are then discussed. The analysis was based on the five criteria of Internet activism, i.e. collection of information; publication of information; dialogue; coordinating actions and lobbying for decision makers. The results revealed that activists are using Facebook to seek information, check on others, follow links, post civic messages, promote social events, appeal for donations, call for volunteers, discuss social issues, schedule plans and advocate change.

2. Objectives

The main objectives of this paper are to study Facebook research performance based on publications covered in Scopus database during 2005-14. In particular, the study focused on the following objectives:

1. To study the annual growth and distribution of world literature on Facebook by document type and publication sources;

2. To study the citation pattern of the global research output;

3. To study the contribution, global share and citation impact of top 10 most productive countries;

4. To study the distribution of global research output by broad subject areas and identification of significant keywords;

5. To study the publication productivity and citation impact of top 20 most productive organizations and top 15 most productive authors;

6. To study the leading medium of communication

3. Methodology

The study sourced the Scopus database (http://www.scopus.com) for world publication data on Facebook research covering the period 2005-14. The search statement was formulated using "Facebook" keyword in "title, abstract and keyword" tag and restricting the search output to the period 2005-14 in "date range tag". The main search statement formulated is as shown below. The main search string was further restricted to 10 most productive countries one by one in "country tag" to retrieve stats on their publication data. The main search string was also restricted to "subject area tag", "country tag", "source title tag", and "affiliation tag" to gather data on publications distribution by subject, collaborating countries, organization-wise and journal-wise, etc. The citation data was collected from date of publication till the end of April 2015. The study used a few indicators, including Relative Citation Index, which is defined as the ratio of global share of citations to the global share of publications.

(((TITLE-ABS-KEY ("RFID" OR "Radio Frequency Identification") AND SRCTITLE ("library*" OR "libraries")) AND PUBYEAR > 2001 AND PUBYEAR < 2015) OR ((TITLE-ABS-KEY ("RFID" OR "Radio Frequency Identification") AND KEY ("library*" OR "libraries")) AND PUBYEAR > 2001 AND PUBYEAR < 2015) OR ((TITLE-ABS-KEY ("RFID" OR "Radio Frequency Identification") AND TITLE ("library *" OR "libraries")) AND PUBYEAR > 2001 AND PUBYEAR < 2015))

Data Analysis & Results

The study sourced Scopus database (http://www.scopus.com) for world publications data on Facebook research covering the period 2005-2014. In all, Facebook research output rose from 2 papers in the year 2005 to 670 in 2010 and to 1877 in 2014, cumulating to a world total of 7916 papers published in 10 years.

The Facebook research witnessed 98.26% CAGR growth based on 10 years data 2005-14. However, five-year publication data series covering Facebook research during 2005-09 and 2010-14 differ significantly in their growth rates. Facebook growth declined from 219.9% CAGR during 2005-09 to 10.53% CAGR during the subsequent quinquennial period 2010-15 (Table 1, Figure 1). Of the total publications output on Facebook research, 49.30% (3586) appeared as articles, 40.83% (3240) as conference papers, 3.37% (267) as reviews, 2.70% (22214) as book chapters, 1.65% (131) as articles in press, 1.40% (111) as short surveys, 1.35% (107) as notes , 1.25% (99) as conference reviews, 0.91% (72) as books and the rest as letters, editorial and erratums during 2005-14.

4.1 Distribution Pattern of Citations

Facebook research which cumulated to 7916 papers during 2005-14 received a total of 44543 citations during 2005-14, averaging 5.59 citations per publication in 1 to 10 years citation window. It must be noted that citations to 7916 publications were counted since their publication year till June 2015. Their citation window years therefore varied from 1 to 10 years. For example, a paper published, say, in the year 2005 had 10 years citation window whereas another paper published, say, in the year 2014 had just 1-year citation window (Table 1, Figure 1).

The citation quality differed from paper to paper; their citation frequencies varied from one to above 100 per paper. Nearly 61.41% output did not get any citations (zero citation). The rest 38.59% of cited publications were distributed as least-cited to very-highly-cited-papers. Nearly 28.89% publications accounted for 18.12% citations share and their citation rate varied from 1 to 10 citations per paper. 4.46% publications accounted for 11.47% citations share and their citation rate varied from 11 to 20 citations per paper. 1.81% publications accounted for 7.97% citations share and their citation rate varied from 21 to 30 citations per paper. 0.77% publications accounted for 4.61% citations share and their citation rate varied from 31 to 40 citations per paper. 0.48% publications accounted for 4.03% citations share and their citation rate varied from 41 to 50 citations per paper. 1.26% publications accounted for 15.48% citations share and their citation rate varied from 51 to 100 citations per paper. Only 0.92% publications accounted for 38.32% citation share with citations rate above 100 citations per paper (Table 2, Figure 2). Papers with citations 100 or more are rated as highly cited papers.

4.2 Scientometric Profile of Top 10 Most Productive Countries

In all, 109 countries contributed to Facebook research during 2005-14. Some are high productivity countries while others are low productivity ones in Facebook research. Top 10 countries which contributed above 100 publications each are rated as high productivity countries. Individually they published 191 to 2861 publications and together they contributed 7916 publications (70.01% share) and 44283 citations (88.80% citations share) during 2005-14. Low productivity countries included 58 which contributed 1-10 publications each, 15 countries which contributed 11-20 publications each, 7 countries which contributed 21-30 publications each, and so on.

The 10 most productive countries varied widely in publications share from 2.41% to 36.14% during 200514. The USA accounted for the largest share (36.14%), followed by U.K (7.17%), Australia (4.71%), Germany (4.16%), Canada, Taiwan, China (from 3.16% to 3.45%), Spain, Italy and India (from 2.41% to 2.78%). The top 10 most productive countries averaged their citation impact to 5.59 citations per paper. Only three countries scored citation impact above the group average of 5.59: USA (9.65), Canada (8.62) and U.K. (5.99). Three countries scored RCI above world average of 1: USA (1.72), Canada (1.54) and U.K. (1.07). Three countries contributed highly cited papers above the group average share of 1 %: USA (1.85%), Canada (1.83%) and Germany (1.22%). Seven countries contributed international collaborative papers above the average share of 21.89%: China (41.20%), Spain (32.27%), Canada (31.14%), Italy (30.52%), Germany (30.40%), U.K. (28.35%) and Australia (25.20%) (Table 3)

4.3. Subject-Wise Distribution of Publications

The global publications on Facebook research during 2005-14 were grouped under nine subject sub-fields (as reflected in Scopus database classification). Computer science accounts for the largest publications share (53.08%) followed by social sciences (30.99%), engineering (12.83%), medicine (11.04%), business, management & accounting (9.66%), psychology (7.38%), arts & humanities (7.34%), decision science (2.85%) and economics, econometrics & finance (2.60%) during 2005-14.

The quinquennial research activity, as measured using activity index, witnessed jump in engineering field above the world average of 100 (from 89.54 to 105.80), as against drop below the world average in other fields such as in computer science (from 104.98 to 97.25), social sciences (from 113.85 to 92.34), business, management & accounting (from 163. 81 to 64.71) and biochemistry, genetics & molecular biology (140.41 to 77.65) from 2002-08 to 2009-14. Amongst five subjects, computer science registered the highest citation impact per paper (5.02), followed by social sciences (3.97 biochemistry, genetics & molecular biology (2.13), engineering (1.68) and business, management & accounting (1.50) during 200214 (Table 4)

4.4 Scientometric Profile of Top 20 Organizations

The top 20 most productive organizations engaged in Facebook research were compared on a series of indicators such as publications share, citations share, average citations per paper, h-index, and average share in international collaborative papers. The top 20 most productive organization contributed papers 34 to 70 publications each. Together these organizations contributed 11.55% (914) publications share and 26.68% (11884) citation share during 2005-14. The scientometric profile of these 20 organizations is presented in Table 5. Top eight organizations contributed publications output above the group average of 45.7: Michigan State University, USA (70 publications), Carnegie Mellon University, USA (69 publications), Cornell University, USA (54 publications), Pennsylvania State University, USA (53 publications), Microsoft Research, USA (52 publications, University of Maryland, USA (51 publications), University of Wisconsin at Madison, USA (49 publications) and University of Texas at Austin (46 publications). Top five organizations registered citation impact above the group average of 13 citations per publication: Michigan State University, USA (52.74), University of Texas at Austin (24.87), Carnegie Mellon University, USA (14.40), University of Maryland, USA (13.35) and University of California, Irvine, USA (13.28) during 2005-14. Top eleven organizations scored h-index above the group average h-index (9.7): Michigan State University, USA (14), Carnegie Mellon University, USA, University of Maryland, USA and Cornell University, USA (12 each), University of Texas at Austin, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA, Stanford University, (11 each) SA and University of Wisconsin at Madison, USA (11 each), Pennsylvania State University, USA and Microsoft Research, USA (10 each) during 2005-14. Top eight organizations contributed international collaborative publications above the group average share of 19.47%: University of Cambridge, U.K. (53.66%), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (34.28%), National University of Singapore (31.59%), Microsoft Research, USA (30.77%), University of California, Irvine, USA (28.20%), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA (23.53%), Stanford University, USA (21.43%), and Georgia Institute of Technology, USA (21.05%) during 2005-14.

4.5 Sceintometric Profile of Top 15 Authors

The top 15 most productive authors engaged in Facebook research were compared on a series of indicators such as publications share, citations share, average citations per paper, h-index, and average share in international collaborative papers. The top 15 most productive authors published 11 to 26 publications each and together they contributed 2.89% (229) publication share and 18.16% (8089) citation share. The scientometric profile of these 15 authors is presented in Table 6. Top five authors contributed above the group average (15.3): N.B. Ellison (26 publications), C. Lampe (24 publications), M.A. Morena (22 publications), M. Kosinski and J. Vitak (18 publications each) during 2005-14. Top two authors registered citation impact above the group average of 35.32 citations per publication: C. Lampe (124.9) and N.B. Ellison (116.8) during 2005-14. Top seven authors scored h-index above the group average of 5.73: N.B. Ellison (11), C. Lampe (10), M.A. Morena (8), J Han (7), B.Y. Zhao, J. Vitak and S.D. Young (6 each) during 2005-14. Top five authors contributed international collaborative publications above the group average share of 22.70%: D. Stillwell (92.31%), M. Kosinski (77.78%), H. Krasnova (69.23%), B.Y. Zhao (33.33%) and S. Lawson (25.00%) during 2005-14.

4.6 Medium of Research Publication

Of the total 7916 papers, 3929 papers appeared in journals, 2806 in conference proceedings, 562 in book series, 321 in trade publications, 296 as books and 2 undefined during 2005-14. The 3929 journal papers appeared in several journals, of which the top 20 most productive journals contributed 8.70% (689 papers) share. The quinquennial share of global publications covered in top 20 journals increased from 6.55% during period 2005-09 to 8.90% during 2010-14. The list of 20 most productive journals is shown in Table

7. The largest number of papers (175) was published in Computers in Human Behavior, followed by Cyberpsychology, Behavior & Social Networking (80 papers), First Monday (51), Journal of Medical Internet Research (49 papers), New Media and Society (34 papers), Public Relations Review and Information Communication & Society (30 papers each), etc.

4.7 Most Significant Keywords

Top 76 most frequently used keywords for searching global literature on Facebook research were identified. These are listed in Table 8 along with frequency of their publications hits. The frequency of publications hits was the largest for the keyword Facebook (3540) followed by Online social networks (3279), social networks (2069), social media (1556), internet (1025), social networking site (794), students (427), etc.

Summary & Conclusion

The world output on Facebook research cumulated to 7916 publications over 10 years during 2005-14. Facebook research witnessed 98.26% compounded annual growth during this 10 publication years. However, five-year publication data series covering Facebook research during 2005-09 and 2010-14 differ significantly in their growth rates. Facebook growth declined from 219.9% CAGR during 2005-09 to 10.53% CAGR during the subsequent quinquennial period 2010-15. Such a sharp decline in Facebook growth should be a matter of great concern; it calls for understanding the reasons underlying this sort of change in growth trend. The world publications output on Facebook research is highly skewed. For instance, top 10 most productive countries (USA, U.K., Australia, Germany, Canada, Taiwan, China, Spain, Italy and India) together accounted for as much as 70% world publications share and 88% world citations share. The USA has emerged as the world leader in Facebook research (with 36.14% share, the largest by any country). In all, more than 100 countries participated in Facebook research during 2005-14. Analysis of citation data on Facebook research reveals that over 1/3rd (38.59%) publications were cited since their publication year till April 15, 2015. Secondly, citation quality of Facebook research differed widely from paper to paper. The top 0.92% publications received 100 and above citations per paper and it accounted for the highest (38.32%) citations share, whereas 28.89% publications (which received from 1 to 10 citations per paper) accounted for low citations share, as low as 18.12%. Computer science accounts for the largest publication share of 53.08%, followed by social sciences (30.99%), engineering (12.83%), medicine (11.04%), business, management & accounting (9.66%), psychology (7.38%), arts & humanities (7.34%), decision science (2.85%) and economics, econometrics & finance (2.60%) during 2005-14.

Even as Facebook research distribution by country of publication stands skewed, but publications output by participating organizations connotes a different distribution trend. Facebook research publications are widely scattered across participating organizations. For instance, top 20 most productive organizations in Facebook research barely accounted for 11.55% share (914 publications) and 26.68% citations share (11884 citations) during 2005-14. Besides, research output also stood widely scattered even at the level of contributing authors. For instance, top 15 most productive authors in Facebook research barely accounted for small 2.89% share (229 publications) and 18.16% citation share (8089 citations). This sort of scattering of Facebook research publications across participating organizations as well as contributing authors seeks to highlight a point that centres of excellence in Facebook research have yet to emerge.

Practical recommendations: The study finds that there has been a serious lack of interest in utilizing Facebook as an educational resource. The study recommends exploring the role of Facebook in the education sector, and suggests using Facebook as a social network analysis tool and as an educational resource.

References

[1.] Markoff, John. The tangled history of Facebook. 31 August 2007. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/31/ business/worldbusiness/31iht-facebook.5.7340806.html? r=0 (Accesses on June 24, 2015)

[2.] Phillips, Sarah. A brief history of Facebook.25 July 2007. http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2007/iul/25/media.newmedia (Accesses on June 24, 2015)

[3.] Arrington, Michael. 85% of college students use Facebook.7 September 2005 http://techcrunch.com/startups/.(Accesses on June 24, 2015)

[4.] Jolene Zywica and James Danowski. The Faces of Facebookers: Investigating Social Enhancement and Social Compensation Hypotheses; Predicting Facebook[TM] and Offline Popularity from Sociability and SelfEsteem, and Mapping the Meanings of Popularity with Semantic Networks. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication October 2008, 14(1), 1-34

[5.] Facebook: Our Mission. 2015. http://newsroom.fb.com/company-info/

[6.] Top 10 Fastest Growing Facebook Languages. 16 November 2012. http://www.socialbakers.com/blog/1064-top-10-fastest-growing-facebook-languages

[7.] Wilson, Robert E, Gosling, Samuel D, and Graham, Lindsay, T. A Review of Facebook Research in the Social Sciences Perspectives on Psychological Science 2012, 7(3) 203-220

[8.] Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., & Funder, D. C. Psychology as the science of self-reports and finger movements: Or, whatever happened to actual behavior? Perspectives on Psychological Science 2007, 2, 396-403

[9.] Graham, L. T., Sandy, C. J., & Gosling, S. D. (2011). Manifestations of individual differences in physical and virtual environments. In T. Chamorro-Premuzic, S. von Stumm, & A. Furnham (Eds.), Handbook of individual differences (pp. 773-800). Oxford, England: Wiley-Blackwell

[10.] Chris Piotrowski. Emerging research on social media use in education: a study of dissertations. Research in Higher Education Journal January 2015, 27, 1-12. http://www.aabri.com/ manuscripts/ 142097.pdf

[11.] Coursaris, Constantinos K and Van Osch, Wietske. A scientometric analysis of social media research (2004-2011). Scientometrics October 2014, 101(1), 357-389

[12.] Gan, Chunmei and Wang, Weijun. A Bibliometric Analysis of Social Media Research from the Perspective of Library and Information Science. Digital Services and Information Intelligence. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology 2014, 445, 23-32

[13.] Basak, Ecem and Calisir, Fethi. Publication trends in Facebook: A scientometric study. International Conference on Trends in Economics, Humanities and Management (ICTEHM'15) March 27-28, 2015 Singapore

[14.] Caers, R, De Feyter, T, De Couck, M, Stough, T, Vigna, C and Dt Bois, C. Facebook: A literature survey. International Journal of Human-Computer Interactions November 2013, 29(11), 775-787

[15.] Blachnio, A, Przepiorka, A and Rudnicka, P. Psychological determinants of using Facebook: A research review. Journal of Behavioral Addictions September 2014, 3(3), 133-148

[16.] Aydin, S. A review of research on Facebook as an educational environment.. Computers in Human Behavior 2013, 29(5), A 60-A68.

[17.] Tess, P.A. The role of social media in higher education classes (real and virtual): A literature review. Journal of Medical Internet Research February 2014, 16(2)

[18.] Cvijkj, I.P. and Michahelles, F. Monitoring trends on Facebook. Social Science Computer Review February 2010, 28(1), 75-92

[19.] Warren, A.M., Sulaiman, A and Jaafar, N.I. Facebook: The enabler of online civic engagement for activists. Government Information Quarterly October 2012, 29(4), 480-91

B M Gupta

National Institute of Science, Technology & Development Studies, Dr K.S.Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110 012, India bmgupta1@gmail.com

S M Dhawan

National Physical Lab., New Delhi, India

smdhawan@yahoo.com

Ritu Gupta

Shri Venkateswar University, Tirupati

ritu7648@gmail.com

Meena Jalana

Center for Research in Rural & Industrial Development, Chandigarh

jatanameena@yahpp.co.in

Caption: Figure 1: Growth of Publications on Facebook Research and Citations during 2005-2014

Table 1.Growth of
Publications and Citations on
Facebook Research, 2005-14

Period   TP       TC     ACPP

2005     2        422    211
2006     11       394    35.8
2007     56       209    3.73
2008     209      5770   27.6
2009     394      6687   17
2010     670      8791   13.1
2011     1138     7833   6.88
2012     1623     7079   4.36
2013     1936     3549   1.83
2014     1877     3549   1.89
2005-    672      1348   20.1
09       CAGR =   2
         219.9
         %
2010-    7244     3080   4.25
14       CAGR =   1
         10.53%
2005-    7916     4428   5.59
14       CAGR =   3
         98.26%

TP=Total Papers; TC=Total
Citations; ACPP=Average Citations
Per Paper

Table 2. Distribution of Papers and Citations on Facebook during 2005-14

Citations   No. of   No. of      Percentage   Percentage of
Range       Papers   Citations   of Papers    Citations

0           4861     0           61.41        0
1-10        2287     8070        28.89        18.12
11-20       353      5108        4.46         11.47
21-30       143      3552        1.81         7.97
31-40       61       2052        0.77         4.61
41-50       38       1796        0.48         4.03
51-100      100      6897        1.26         15.48
>100        73       17068       0.92         38.32
Total       7916     44543       100          100

Table 3. Scientometric Profile of Top 10 Most Productive Countries on
Facebook Research, 2005-14.

Country     TP     TC      ACPP   %TP     %TC     RCI    HI     ICP

USA         2861   27604   9.65   36.14   62.34   1.72   74     451
U.K.        568    3402    5.99   7.175   7.68    1.07   26     161
Australia   373    1737    4.66   4.712   3.92    0.83   23     94
Germany     329    1679    5.10   4.156   3.79    0.91   17     100
Canada      273    2352    8.62   3.449   5.31    1.54   19     85
Taiwan      264    623     2.36   3.335   1.41    0.42   13     45
China       250    826     3.30   3.158   1.86    0.59   14     103
Spain       220    420     1.91   2.779   0.95    0.34   10     71
Italy       213    523     2.46   2.691   1.18    0.44   11     65
India       191    159     0.83   2.413   0.36    0.15   6      38
World       7916   44283   5.59                          21.3   1213

Country     %ICP    HCP   %HCP

USA         15.76   53    1.85
U.K.        28.35   5     0.88
Australia   25.2    2     0.54
Germany     30.4    4     1.22
Canada      31.14   5     1.83
Taiwan      17.05   0     0
China       41.2    1     0.4
Spain       32.27   0     0
Italy       30.52   0     0
India       19.9    0     0
World       21.89   70

TP=Total Papers; TC=Total Citations; ACPP=Average Citations Per Paper;
RCI=Relative Citation Index; HI= h-index; ICP=International
Collaborative Papers; HCP=High Cited Papers

Table 4. Subject -Wise Distribution of Papers on Facebook Research,
2005-14

S.No   Broad Subject             TP     TC      ACPP    HI   %TP

1      Computer Science          4202   22232   5.29    65   53.08
2      Social Sciences           2453   14679   5.98    26   30.99
3      Engineering               1016   3147    3.10    22   12.83
4      Medicine                  874    6846    7.83    10   11.04
5      Business, Management &    765    4792    6.26    6    9.66
       Accounting
6      Psychology                584    8643    14.80   21   7.38
7      Arts & Humanities         581    2692    4.63    2    7.34
8      Decision Science          226    738     3.26    1    2.85
9      Economics, Econometrics   206    1038    5.04    1    2.60
       & Finance
       Total of the World        7916

TP=Total Papers; TC=Total Citations; ACPP=Average Citations Per Paper;
HI=h-index

Table 5. Scientometric profile of 20 Top Most Productive Organizations
on Facebook, 2005-14

S.No   Name of the Organization         TP      TC      ACPP    HI

1      Michigan State University,       70      3692    52.74   14
       USA
2      Carnegie Mellon University,      69      994     14.40   12
       USA
3      Cornell University, USA          54      584     10.81   12
4      Pennsylvania State University,   53      473     8.92    10
       USA
5      Microsoft Research, USA          52      365     7.02    10
6      University of Maryland, USA      51      681     13.35   12
7      University of Wisconsin at       49      389     7.94    11
       Madison, USA
8      University of Texas at Austin    46      1144    24.87   11
9      University of Michigan, Ann      44      488     11.09   11
       Arbor, USA
10     Arizona State University, USA    43      239     5.56    9
11     Stanford University, USA         42      457     10.88   11
12     University of Florida, USA       42      412     9.81    9
13     University of Cambridge, U.K.    41      281     6.85    9
14     University of California,        39      518     13.28   9
       Irvine, USA
15     National University of           38      74      1.95    4
       Singapore
16     Georgia Institute of             38      160     4.21    6
       Technology, USA
17     Indiana University, USA          38      170     4.47    8
18     Ohio State University, USA       36      425     11.80   10
19     Nanyang Technological            35      137     3.91    7
       University, Singapore
20     University of Illinois at        34      201     5.91    9
       Urbana-Champaign, USA
       Total of 20 Organizations        914     11884   13.00   9.7
       Total of the World               7916    44543   5.63
       Share of Top 20 Organizations    11.55   26.68   2.31
       in Global Output

S.No   Name of the Organization         ICP   %ICP     HCP   %HCP

1      Michigan State University,       11    15.71    7     10
       USA
2      Carnegie Mellon University,      11    15.94    2     2.90
       USA
3      Cornell University, USA          9     16.67    0     0
4      Pennsylvania State University,   10    18.87    1     1.89
       USA
5      Microsoft Research, USA          16    30.77    1     1.92
6      University of Maryland, USA      8     15.69    1     1.96
7      University of Wisconsin at       7     14.28    0     0
       Madison, USA
8      University of Texas at Austin    5     10.87    4     8.69
9      University of Michigan, Ann      4     9.09     0     0
       Arbor, USA
10     Arizona State University, USA    3     6.98     0     0
11     Stanford University, USA         9     21.43    1     2.38
12     University of Florida, USA       2     4.76     1     2.38
13     University of Cambridge, U.K.    22    53.66    0     0
14     University of California,        11    28.20    1     2.56
       Irvine, USA
15     National University of           12    31.59    0     0
       Singapore
16     Georgia Institute of             8     21.05    0     0
       Technology, USA
17     Indiana University, USA          5     13.16    0     0
18     Ohio State University, USA       5     13.89    1     2.78
19     Nanyang Technological            12    34.28    0     0
       University, Singapore
20     University of Illinois at        8     23.53s   0     0
       Urbana-Champaign, USA
       Total of 20 Organizations        178   19.47    20    2.19
       Total of the World
       Share of Top 20 Organizations
       in Global Output

TP=Total Papers; TC=Total Citations; ACPP=Average Citations Per Paper;
HI=h-index; ICP=International Collaborative Papers; HCP=High Cited
Papers

Table 6. Scientometric profile of 15 Top Most Productive Authors on
Facebook, 2005-14

S.No   Name of        Affiliation of the       TP     TC      ACPP
       the Author     Author

1      N.B. Ellison   Michigan State           26     3037    116.8
                      University, USA
2      C. Lampe       Michigan State           24     2998    124.9
                      University, USA
3      M.A.           University of            22     233     10.59
       Morena         Wisconsin,
                      Madison, USA
4      M. Kosinski    University of            18     163     9.056
                      Cambridge, U.K.
5      J. Vitak       Michigan State           18     192     10.67
                      University, USA
6      S.D. Young     University of            14     111     7.929
                      California, Ls
                      Angles, USA
7      H. Krasnova    Humboldt                 13     105     8.077
                      Universitat zu
                      Berlin, Germany
8      D. Stillwell   University of            13     163     12.54
                      Cambridge, U.K.
9      J Han          University of Illinois   12     99      8.25
                      at Urbana-
                      Champaign, USA
10     M. Shehab      University of North      12     115     9.583
                      Carolina, USA
11     B.Y. Zhao      University of            12     314     26.17
                      California, Santa
                      Barbara, USA
12     S. Lawson      University of            12     60      5
                      Lincoln, U.K.
13     D.Y. Wohn      Michigan State           11     142     12.91
                      University, USA
14     D. Boyd        Harward University,      11     306     27.82
                      USA
15     R.Gray         Michigan State           11     51      4.636
                      University, USA
                      Total of 15 Authors      229    8089    35.32
                      Total of the World       7916   44543
                      Share of Top 15          2.89   18.16
                      Authors in Global
                      Output

S.No   Name of        HI     ICP   %ICP    HCP   %HCP
       the Author

1      N.B. Ellison   11     2     7.69    5     19.23

2      C. Lampe       10     2     8.33    5     20.83

3      M.A.           8      1     4.54    0     0
       Morena

4      M. Kosinski    4      14    77.78   0     0

5      J. Vitak       6      1     5.55    0     0

6      S.D. Young     6      1     7.14    0     0

7      H. Krasnova    3      9     69.23   0     0

8      D. Stillwell   4      12    92.31   0     0

9      J Han          7      2     16.67   0     0

10     M. Shehab      4      0     0       0     0

11     B.Y. Zhao      6      4     33.33   1     8.33

12     S. Lawson      5      3     25      0     0

13     D.Y. Wohn      3      1     9.09    0     0

14     D. Boyd        4      0     0       2     18.18

15     R.Gray         5      0     0       0     0

                      5.73   52    22.71   13    5.68

TP=Total Papers; TC=Total Citations; ACPP=Average Citations Per Paper;
HI=h-index; ICP=International Collaborative Papers; HCP=High Cited
Papers

Table 7. Top 20 Journals Publishing on Facebook Research, 2005-14

S.No.   Name of the Journal                    Number of Papers
                                               2005-   2010-   2005-
                                               09      14      14

1       Computers in Human Behavior            3       172     175
2       Cyberpsychology, Behavior & Social     0       80      80
        Networking
3       First Monday                           11      40      51
4       Journal of Medical Internet Research   1       48      49
5       New Media and Society                  3       31      34
6       Public Relations Review                2       28      30
7       Information Communication & Society    1       29      30
8       PLOS One                               0       26      26
9       Fortune                                8       14      22
10      Journal of Computed Mediated           8       13      21
        Communication
11      Business Horizons                      1       19      20
12      Computers & Education                  0       20      20
13      Social Science Computer Review         1       17      18
14      Australasian Journal of Educational    0       18      18
        Technology
15      Mediterranean Journal of Social        0       17      17
        Sciences
16      American Journal of Pharmacy           2       15      17
        Education
17      Proceedings of the ASIST Annual        0       16      16
        Meetings
18      International Journal of Web Based     0       16      16
        Communities
19      IEEE Spectrum                          2       13      15
20      Strategic Direction                    1       13      14
        Total of 20 journals                   44      645     689
        Total of the world                     672     7244    7916
        Share of 20 journals in world total    6.55    8.90    8.70

Table 8. List of Most Significant Keywords Appearing in Global
Literature on Facebook, 2005-14

S.No   Keyword               Frequency

1      Facebook              3540
2      Social Networks       3279
       (Online)
3      Social Network or     2069
       Networking
4      Social Media          1556
5      Internet              1025

6      Social Networking     794
       Sites
7      Students              427

8      World Wide Web        365
9      Privacy               358

10     Twitter               341

11     Web 2.0               302

12     Information           280
       Systems
13     Data Privacy          259

14     Online Systems        229

15     Behavior Research     222

16     Social Science        217
       Computer
17     Data Mining           202
18     YouTube               194

19     Marketing             187

20     Information           180
       Technology
15     Research              168

21     Teaching              160

22     Education             143

23     Social Support        135

24     Psychological         133
       Aspects
25     Mobile Devices        132

26     E-Learning            129
27     Social Interactions   111

28     Social Network        101
       Services
29     Human Relations       100
30     Interpersonal         98
       Relations

31     Commerce              98

32     Industry              93

33     Social Behavior       92
34     Blogging              89

35     Virtual Reality       89

36     Social Network        86
       Analysis
37     Electronic            85
       Commerce
38     Social Relationship   74

39     Economic & Social     73
       Effects
40     Engineering           72
       Education
41     Higher Education      63

42     Advertising           60
43     Sales                 60

44     Medical               57
       Information
45     Curricula             55

46     Medical Education     50

47     Public Relations      49

48     College Students      47

49     University Studies    46

50     Health Services       46

51     Health Promotion      45

52     Universities          43
53     College               47
       Students
54     Libraries             41

55     Sales                 39
56     Computer              37
       Aided
       Instruction
S7     Learning              33

58     Collaborative         31
       Learning
59     Tourism               30
60     Heath                 29
       Education
61     Undergraduat          28
       e Studies
62     Academic              28
       Libraries
63     Viral                 25
       Marketing
64     Marketing of          25
       Health
       Services
65     Social                25
       Commerce
66     Competition           23

67     Consumer              22
       Behavior
68     Economics             21
69     Financial             19
       Management
70     Public                19
       Relations
71     Marketing             18
       Stategy
72     Social                18
       Marketing
73     Human                 17
       Relations
74     Digital               16
       Libraries
75     University            12
       Libraries
76     Brand Image           9

Figure 2: Citation Profile of Facebook Research, 2005-14

Citations   Percentage   Percentage
Frequency   Share of     Share of
Range       Papers       Citations

0           61.41        0
01-10       28.89        18.12
11-20       4.46         11.47
21-30       1.81         7.97
31-40       0.77         4.61
41-50       0.48         4.03
51-100      1.26         15.48
>100        0.92         38.32

Note: Table made from bar graph.

Please Note: Illustration(s) are not available due to copyright restrictions.