Introduction

Bibliomertic study is one of the most promising areas of research activities in the field of Library and Information Science and has become very popular with the development of various citation databases. Universities being the premier institutions in the field of higher education apart from normal teaching must contribute their research outputs for the benefits of society since large amount of public money are utilized to carry out various research works. Bibliomertic study facilitates the analysis of research outputs of researchers from various aspects. There are many government and private universities, autonomous institutions including technical institutions in Odisha. Among these, the present study covers only six state government universities such as Utkal University, Bhubaneswar; Sambalpur University, Burla; Berhampur University, Berhampur; North Orissa University, Baripada; Revenshaw University, Cuttack and Fakir Mohan University, Balasore.

Literature Review

Koganuramah, M. M, Angadi, M. & Kademani,B. S (2002) had carried out a research on Bibliometric dimension of innovation communication productivity of Tata Institute of Social Sciences, which reveals the domination of single author contributing 613 publications out of 663 publications. Maharana, R. K & Das, P. (2013) Analyzed 447 number of publications contributed by the researcher of Utkal University during 2008-2012. It revealed that Annual average growth of Utkal University during the study was 8.77% as well as they noticed that three authored publications (29.75%) dominated during the period of study followed by two authored publications with 20.36%. Maharana, R. K & Sethi, B. B. (2013) in their study on A bibliometric analysis of the research output of Sambalpur University's publication in ISI Web of Science during 2007-11 found that annual average growth rate of publications of Sambalpur University during the study was 30.53%. Out of 170 publications 47 (27.65%) numbers of publications published under Chemistry as a subject of research area. Swain, D. K, Rautaray, B. & Swain, C (2013) In the study Scientimetric dimension of research productivity KIIT University, Bhubaneswar and found that most of the publications were contributed by three authors followed by two authors and four authors respectively where as quite less number of publications contributed by single authors .Also the degree of collaboration was 0.93.

Chaurasia, N. K. & Chavan, S. B (2014) in their study on Research output of Indian Institute of Delhi(IIT Delhi) during 2001-2010: a bibliometric analysis found that out of total 6109 number of publications journal articles were observed as the most favored document type having 5731 publications followed by proceeding paper with 461 publications and Review with 192 publications . Maharana,R.K & Pati, S (2014) in their study on Bibliomertic analysis of Fakir Mohan Universities research output indexed in Scopus during 2008 to 2012 found that maximum number of four authored paper published during the period with 29.79% of total publications as well as degree of collaboration is 0.96 during the period of study. Kumar, H. A., Dora, M. & Desai, A.(2015) analyzed 760 number of publication contributed by the researcher of Gujarat University during 2004-2013.The study completely revealed that Journals are the most favored form of publication by the researcher of Gujarat University. Sa, M. K (2015) made a study on Research output of institute of minerals and materials technology India indexed in scopus during 2004-2013: a bibliometric analysis. He found that average growth rate of publications is 7.43%. In the field of subject area he found chemistry is the most productive subject area contributing 144 publications out of 419 publications which is 34.37% of total publications. Similarly keyword "Article" used maximum number of time in 82(19.57%) publications where as degree of collaboration is 0.98 and Journal is the source type of publications. Siwach, A.K. & Kumar, S (2015) in their study on Bibliometric analysis of research publications of Maharshi Dayanand University (Rohtak) during 2000-2013 analyzed 1247 number of publications of which highest 455 number of publications contributed by the researcher of Maharshi Dayanand University under Chemistry as the major subject area of publications.

Objectives of the study

The various objectives of the present study are summarized below.

a) To analyze yearly contribution of publications

b) To recognize most productive authors

c) To find out most preferred subject area of research

d) To highlight contribution of publications by type of document

e) To identify the most productive journals

f) To investigate the most frequently used keywords by the researchers

g) To know the most productive institutions

h) To study source wise distribution of publications

i) To study authorship pattern

j) To recognize most cited papers

k) To study the Degree of collaboration

Methodology followed for the study

In order to get require data for the study "Scopus" used as the main source of data provider from where data were retrieved on dated 5/4/2015 by making advanced search choosing affiliated city option putting Orissa as affiliated city then limited to the following six state university namely Utkal University,Sambalpur University, Berhampur University, North Orissa University, Ravenshaw University and Fakir Mohan University from the year 2010-2014.The retrieved data i.e. 490 number of publications were exported into MS Excel and then data were arranged in a organize way based on the objectives of the study to make analysis of the data .

Scope and limitations of the study

The scope of the present study covers the research productivity of six state Universities of Odisha namely Utkal University, Sambalpur Unibersity, Berhampur University, North Orissa University,Ravenshaw University and Fakir Mohan University which has been indexed in SCOPUS during 2010 to 2014.The other publications of these universities of Odisha state which are not included in the SCOPUS has been excluded from the study

Data Analysis

Yearly Distribution of Publications

Table 1 divulges the yearly distribution of publications by six state university of Odisha during 2010 to 2014. it is observed that out of total 490 publications published during the period of study, maximum 170 (34.69%) numbers of publications published in 2011 followed by 128 (26.12%), 117 (23.88%), 50 (10.20%) numbers of publications in the year 2010, 2012 and 2013 respectively where as only 25 (5.10%) publications published in 2014 which is lowest during the period of study. Further the average growth rate of the publications is -103 (-105.63%) because except the year 2011, the trend of publications is in decreasing order.

Most Productive Authors

To find out top productive authors, total count method was used and equal weightage was given to each author. The analysis of Table 2 reveals that out of 490 numbers of publications R.K.Mishra is the most productive author with highest numbers of publications i.e.15 (3.06%) securing 1st rank. It is followed by three authors such as S.K.Sahoo, S.K. Dutta and B.K.Mishra with 14 (2.86%) publications each securing 2nd rank. Similarly S.Sahoo, N.N.Das, P.K.Behera, C.K.Chakraborty, S.P.Pati, and R.C. Mohanty contributed 13 (2.65%) publications each securing 3rd rank in the hierarchy.S.Panigrahi is the author with 7th rank who contributed 9 publications (1.84%).

Most Preferred Subject Area

The purpose of subject wise scientific research outputs is to observe the research trends in specialized subject areas in terms of research outputs. Table 3 depicts subject wise publications by the researchers of six universities of Odisha.. "Physics and Astronomy" is the top subject with 98 (20%) numbers of publications; followed by "Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics" with 96 (19.59%); Chemistry with 82 (16.73%); Engineering with 80 (16.33%); Materials Science with 68 (13.88%) numbers of publications respectively. Whereas Neuroscience; Nursing and Psychology are the lowest subject areas with only 1 (0.20%) number of publication each.

Preferred Types of publications

Table 4 shows the preferred type of publications by research communities of six state university of Odisha during the study. It is found that out of total 490 number of publications, article is the most preferred type with 428(87.35%) number of publications, followed by Conference Paper with 30 (6.12%); Review with 16 (3.27%) and Book Chapter with 13 (2.65%) publications respectively. The last preferred type of publication in this study is Editorial, Letter and Note with 1(0.20) publication each.

Most Productive Journals

Table 5 lists the most productive journals with their rank where the researchers of six state universities published their research outputs. The analysis of data reveals that both "Optics Communication" and "Indian Journal of Physics" are in 1st rank with 8(1.63%) numbers of publications each; followed by Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and AIP Conference Proceedings are in 2nd rank with 7(1.43%) numbers of publications each. Similarly Theoretical Physics and Nonlinear Optics Theories and Models, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Indian Drugs, International Journal of Pharmtech Research, Journal of the Korean Chemical Society are in 3rd rank with 5 (1.02%) numbers of publications each. The other journals where researchers have published their research output are listed in Table-5.

Most Frequently Used Keywords

Table 6 depicts the most frequently used keywords by the researchers of state universities of Odisha under the study. It is found that "Article" is the most frequently used keywords having 144 (29.39%) publications followed by "Controlled Study" having 76 (15.51%), Nonhuman having 63 (2.86%), and publications respectively. Similarly India as a name of a country used in 49(10%) publications where as "Orissa" which is a state of India used in 28 (71%) publications. In addition to that "PH" and "Water" are two different keywords used in only 17 (3.46%) publications which have been used rarely by the researchers.

Most Productive Institutions

Table 7 shows the collaborative research productivity of the six state universities of the Odisha under the study. The total numbers of publications of these universities in this table exceeds 490 because many publications which are published jointly by authors of two or more universities, the same publications have been listed more than once in all universities by SCOPUS. It is found that Utkal University is in top position contributing highest 185 (37.76%) numbers of publications out of total 490 publications. It is followed by Sambalpur University with 120 (24.49%), Berhampur University with 92 (18.78%), North Orissa University with 58 (11.84%) and Ravenshaw University with 41 (8.37%) numbers of publications. Fakir Mohan University contributed lowest numbers of publications i.e. 22 which is only 4.49 % of the total publications.

Source Wise Distribution of Publications

Table 8 depicts the distribution of research publications by different type of sources. It reveals that out of total 490 number of publications ,as high as 441 numbers of publications(90%) contributed in Journals followed by Conference Proceedings with 24 , Books with 13 and Trade publications with 7 numbers of publications contributing 4.90%,2.65% and 1.43% of total publications respectively. Further only 5 (1.02%) publications contributed in book series which is lowest of its type.

Authorship Pattern

Table 9 analyzes collaborative publications by six different authorship patterns. The analysis of data indicates the domination of 3 authored publications contributing highest publications i.e. 137 (27.96%), followed by 4 authored with 112 publications (22.86%), 2 authored and [greater than or equal to]5 authored with 107 (21.84%) publication each. Further only 16 (3.27%) publications contributed by single authored and lowest 11 (2.24%) publications contributed by [greater than or equal to]10 authored.

Most Cited Publications

Citation is tool to measure the impact of research. Table 10 listed top 10 cited papers. The paper titled "The impact of conservation on the status of the world's vertebrates" published in Science is the highest cited paper which has been cited 283 times followed by "2-Iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX): An efficient hypervalent iodine reagent" by Satam, V. published in Tetrahedron cited 98 times and "Geochemical speciation and risk assessment of heavy metals in the river estuarine sediments-A case study: Mahanadi basin, India" by Sundaray S.K. published in Journal of Hazardous Materials cited 78 times.

Degree of Collaboration

Degree of collaboration examines the trend in authorship pattern of publication. Table 11 used K. Subramanian's formula for Degree of collaboration. It is observed from the table that degree of author collaboration is 0.97.

DC=[[M.sub.n]/[s.sub.n]+[M.sub.n]] where

DC= Degree of Collaboration

[S.sub.n]=Single Author

[M.sub.n]=Multiple Authors

DC= [474/16+474]

Findings of the study

The findings of the present study are summarized below.

a) It is quite surprising that in spite of continuous growth of faculty members , full time and part time research scholars of these universities ,the growth rate of research publications during the study is -105.63%,which shows a negative trend.

b) Utkal University found the most productive university among the six state universities of the study with 37.76% numbers of publications.

c) R.K.Mishra is the most productive author contributing 3.06 % of the total 490 numbers of publications.

d) Physics and Astronomy is the most preferred subject area with 20% of total publications followed by Pharmacology, Taxicology and Pharmaceutics and Chemistry in 2nd and 3rd rank respectively. Further Social science subjects remains in the 14th rank .It indicates that social science researches in these universities is lagging far behind basic and pure science subjects.

e) Article is the most preferred document type with 87.35% of total publications which seems to be quite natural.

f) The journals "Optics communication" and "Indian Journal of physics" are jointly recognized as most productive journals with 1.63% of publications which also seems to be justified since Physics and Astronomy is the most preferred subjects by the researchers of these universities.

g) The keyword "Article" is found to be the most frequently used keywords by the researchers with 29.39% of total publications.

h) Journal found most productive source for publication of research outputs with 90% of total publications which is quite natural. Also the reason behind this is that research outputs published in journals have more Academic Performance Indicator (API) Score than other sources.

i) The paper titled "The impact of conservation on the status of the world's vertebrates" by Hoffmann M.,et al published in Science. is the highest cited paper which has been cited 283 times.

j) Domination of multiple authors on single author is quite high with 96.73% of total numbers of publications. It indicates towards present trends of collaborative research and inters disciplinary research by the researchers of these universities.

k) Degree of collaborations by the authors of this study is 0.97

Conclusion

Universities being the premier institutions of higher education should give proper emphasis on research and more and more researches need to be carried out by the faculty members and research scholars .But the present study highlights a gloomy picture of the research outputs of the six old government universities of Odisha with quite less numbers of research publications which are indexed in SCOPUS. Further the growth of research publications shows negative trends which are a matter of concern for all. Hence the state government and universities authorities need to take necessary steps for creating conducive research environment in these universities, so that more and more people will take interest in research and there by numbers of research publications will increase .Also strict guideline need to be framed for faculty members and research scholars for quality research publications, not merely to full fill the promotion criteria but also to serve the society and nation.

References

(1.) Chavan, S. B., & Chaurasia, N. K. (2014). Research output of Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi) during 2001-2010: A bibliometric analysis. International Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology, 4(2), 141-147.

(2.) Hanumappa, A., Desai, A., & Dora, M. (2015). A Bibliometrics Profile of Gujarat University, Ahmedabad during 2004-2013. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 35(1), 9-16.

(3.) Koganuramah, M. M., Angadi, M., & Kademani, B. S. (2002). Bibliometric dimension of innovation communication productivity of tata institute of social sciences. Malaysian Journal of Library and Information Science, 7(1), 69-76.

(4.) Maharana, R. K., & Sethi, B. B. (2013). A bibliometric analysis of the research output of Sambalpur University's publication in ISI Web of Science during 2007-11. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-Journal), Paper 926.

(5.) Maharana, R. K., & Das, P. (2013). Research publication trend of Utkal University's researchers indexed in Scopus during 2008 to 2012: a bibliometric analysis. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-Journal), Paper 999.

(6.) Maharana, R. K., & Pati, S. (2014) Bibliometric analaysis of fakir mohan university's research output indexed in scopus during 2008 to 2012. e-Library Science Research Journal, 2(3), 1-9.

(7.) Sa, M. K. (2015). Research output of institute of minerals and materials technology india indexed in scopus during 2004-2013: a bibliometric analysis. 10th International CALIBER, 198-212.

(8.) Siwach, A. K., & Kumar, S. (2015). Bibliometric Analysis of Research Publications of Maharshi Dayanand University (Rohtak) During 2000-2013.DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 35(1), 17-24.

(9.) Swain, D. K., Rautaray, D., & Swain, D. (2013). Scientometric Dimension of Research Productivity of a Leading Private University in India. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-Journal), Paper 926.

Dr. Sunil Kumar Satpathy

Deputy Librarian

National Institute of Technology

G.E. Road, Raipur (C.G)-492010, India

drsksatpathy@gmail.com

Manoj Kumar Sa

Assistant Librarian

KIIT University,Bhubaneswar(Odisha)-751024,India

Email: manoisa100@gmail.com

Dr Sunil Kumar Satpathy

Dy.Librarian,Central Library,National Institute of Technology,Raipur,India

Manoj Kumar Sa

Assistant Librarian KIIT University,Bhubaneswar(Odisha), manojsa100@gmail.com

Caption: Fig. 2-: Source wise distribution of publications

Table-1: Yearly Distribution of Publications

Year    Publication(N=490)   Percentage (%)   Growth Rate   Growth
                                                               %

2010           128               26.12             0         0.00
2011           170               34.69            42         32.81
2012           117               23.88            -53       -31.18
2013            50               10.20            -67       -57.26
2014            25                5.10            -25       -50.00
Total          490               100.00          -103       -105.63

Table-2: Most Productive Authors

                                 No. of
Rank      Author Name      Publications(N=490)   Percentage (%)

 1     Mishra, R.K.                15                 3.06
 2     Sahoo, S.K.                 14                 2.86
 2     Dutta, S.K.                 14                 2.86
 2     Mishra, B.K.                14                 2.86
 3     Sahoo, S.                   13                 2.65
 3     Das, N.N.                   13                 2.65
 3     Behera, P.K.                13                 2.65
 3     Chakraborti, C.K.           13                 2.65
 3     Pati, S.P.                  13                 2.65
 3     Mohanty, R.C.               13                 2.65
 4     Khandpekar, M.M.            12                 2.45
 5     Mohanty, P.                 11                 2.24
 5     Ray, R.C.                   11                 2.24
 5     Chand, P.K.                 11                 2.24
 5     Poddar, D.R.                11                 2.24
 6     Behera, S.                  10                 2.04
 6     Jena, S.N.                  10                 2.04
 6     Pal, A.                     10                 2.04
 6     Nath, R.K.                  10                 2.04
 7     Panigrahi, S.                9                 1.84

Table-3: Most Preferred Subject Area

Rank           Subject Area                Number of        Percentage
                                      Publications(N=490)       (%)

1      Physics and Astronomy                  98               20.00
2      Pharmacology, Toxicology and           96               19.59
       Pharmaceutics                          96               19.59
3      Chemistry                              82               16.73
4      Engineering                            80               16.33
5      Materials Science                      68               13.88
6      Environmental Science                  67               13.67
7      Biochemistry, Genetics and             65               13.27
       Molecular Biology
8      Agricultural and Biological            60               12.24
       Sciences
9      Medicine                               45               9.18
10     Mathematics                            40               8.16
11     Chemical Engineering                   39               7.96
12     Computer Science                       38               7.76
13     Earth and Planetary Sciences           25               5.10
14     Social Sciences                        22               4.49
15     Energy                                 16               3.27
15     Immunology and Microbiology            16               3.27
16     Business, Management and                7               1.43
       Accounting
17     Arts and Humanities                     6               1.22
17     Economics, Econometrics and             6               1.22
       Finance
18     Multidisciplinary                       5               1.02
19     Health Professions                      4               0.82
20     Veterinary                              3               0.61
21     Decision Sciences                       2               0.41
22     Neuroscience                            1               0.20
22     Nursing                                 1               0.20
22     Psychology                              1               0.20

Table-4: Preferred Document

                                Number of
Rank    Type of Document   Publications(N=490)   Percentage (%)

1       Article                    428               87.35
2       Conference Paper           30                 6.12
3       Review                     16                 3.27
4       Book Chapter               13                 2.65
5       Editorial                   1                 0.20
5       Letter                      1                 0.20
5       Note                        1                 0.20
Total                              490               100.00

Table-5: Most Productive Journals

Rank          Name of The Journals              No. of      Percentage
                                             Publications      (%)
                                               (N=490)

 1     Optics Communications                      8            1.63

 1     Indian Journal of Physics                  8            1.63

 2     Journal of the Indian Chemical             7            1.43
       Society

 2     Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical         7            1.43
       Research

 2     AIP Conference Proceedings                 7            1.43

 3     Theoretical Physics and Nonlinear          5            1.02
       Optics Theories and Models

 3     Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and        5            1.02
       Clinical Research

 3     Environmental Monitoring and               5            1.02
       Assessment

 3     Indian Drugs                               5            1.02

 3     International Journal of Pharmtech         5            1.02
       Research

 3     Journal of the Korean Chemical             5            1.02
       Society

 4     Journal of Hazardous Materials             4            0.82

 4     Colourage                                  4            0.82

 4     Research Journal of Pharmaceutical         4            0.82
       Biological and Chemical Sciences

 4     International Journal of                   4            0.82
       Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and
       Research

 4     International Journal of Earth             4            0.82
       Sciences and Engineering

 5     13 publications has three each             3            0.61

 6     61 Publications have 2 each                2            0.41

 7     70 Publications have 1 each                1            0.20

Table-6: Most Frequently Used Keywords

Rank             Keywords                  Number of        Percentage
                                      Publications(N=490)      (%)

 1     Article                                144             29.39
 2     Controlled study                       76              15.51
 3     Nonhuman                               63              12.86
 4     India                                  49              10.00
 5     Unclassified drug                      41               8.37
 6     Infrared spectroscopy                  29               5.92
 6     Scanning electron microscopy           29               5.92
 7     Orissa                                 28               5.71
 8     Priority journal                       27               5.51
 9     Male                                   23               4.69
 10    In vitro study                         22               4.49
 11    Animal experiment                      21               4.29
 12    Rat                                    20               4.08
 13    Animal model                           19               3.88
 13    Animals                                19               3.88
 13    FTIR                                   19               3.88
 14    Plant extract                          18               3.67
 14    Drug formulation                       18               3.67
 15    PH                                     17               3.47
 15    Water                                  17               3.47

Table-7: Ranking of Universities

Rank        Most Productive              Number of        Percentage
              Institutions          Publications(N=490)      (%)

 1     Utkal University                     185             37.76
 2     Sambalpur University                 120             24.49
 3     Berhampur University India           92              18.78
 4     North Orissa University              58              11.84
 5     Ravenshaw University                 41               8.37
 6     Fakir Mohan University               22               4.49

Table-8: Source wise Distribution of Publications

                                      Number of
Rank         Source Type         Publications(N=490)   Percentage%

  1     Journals                         441              90.00
  2     Conference Proceedings           24               4.90
  3     Books                            13               2.65
  4     Trade Publications                7               1.43
  5     Book Series                       5               1.02
        Total                            490             100.00

Table-9: Authorship Pattern

Year     Authorship

          1       2       3       4

2010      3      30      37      30
2011      3      38      44      43
2012      8      24      30      25
2013      1       9      21       7
2014      1       6       5       7
Total     16     107     137     112
%        3.27   21.84   27.96   22.86

Year     Authorship                       Total

         [greater than   [greater than
         or equal to]5   or equal to]10

2010          26               2           128
2011          38               4           170
2012          28               2           117
2013          10               2            50
2014           5               1            25
Total         107              11          490
%            21.84            2.24        100.00

Table-10: Most Cited Publications

Rank                Title                       Authors          Year

1      The impact of conservation        Hoffmann M.,et al.      2010
       on the status of the world's
       vertebrates

2      2-Iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX):       Satam V., Harad A.,     2010
       An efficient hypervalent          Rajule R., Pati H.
       iodine reagent

3      Geochemical speciation and        Sundaray S.K.,          2011
       risk assessment of heavy          Nayak B.B., Lin S.,
       metals in the river estuarine     Bhatta D.
       sediments-A case study:
       Mahanadi basin, India

4      Comparative study of bio-         Behera S., Kar S.,      2010
       ethanol production from           Mohanty R.C., Ray
       mahula (Madhuca latifolia L.)     R.C.
       flowers by Saccharomyces
       cerevisiae cells immobilized
       in agar agar and Ca-alginate
       matrices

5      Certain subclasses of analytic    Srivastava H.M.,        2010
       and bi-univalent functions        Mishra A.K.,
                                         Gochhayat P.

6      A compact UWB bandpass            Ghatak R., Sarkar       2011
       filter with embedded SIR as       P., Mishra R.K.,
       band notch structure              Poddar D.R.

7      Studies of dielectric and         Pradhan D.K.,           2012
       electrical properties of a new    Behera B., Das P.R.
       type of complex tungsten
       bronze electroceramics

8      Chemical and microbial            Dhal B., Thatoi         2013
       remediation of hexavalent         H.N., Das N.N.,
       chromium from contaminated        Pandey B.D.
       soil and mining/metallurgical
       solid waste: A review

9      Reduction of hexavalent           Dhal B., Thatoi H.,     2010
       chromium by Bacillus sp.          Das N., Pandey B.D.
       isolated from chromite mine
       soils and characterization of
       reduced product

10     Organogels: Properties and        Sahoo S., Kumar N.,     2011
       applications in drug delivery     Bhattacharya C.,
                                         Sagiri S.S., Jain K.,
                                         Pal K., Ray S.S.,
                                         Nayak B.

Rank                Title                    Source title        Cited
                                                                 Times

1      The impact of conservation        Science                 283
       on the status of the world's
       vertebrates

2      2-Iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX):       Tetrahedron             98
       An efficient hypervalent
       iodine reagent

3      Geochemical speciation and        Journal of Hazardous    78
       risk assessment of heavy          Materials
       metals in the river estuarine
       sediments-A case study:
       Mahanadi basin, India

4      Comparative study of bio-         Applied Energy          42
       ethanol production from
       mahula (Madhuca latifolia L.)
       flowers by Saccharomyces
       cerevisiae cells immobilized
       in agar agar and Ca-alginate
       matrices

5      Certain subclasses of analytic    Applied Mathematics     37
       and bi-univalent functions        Letters

6      A compact UWB bandpass            IEEE Microwave and      36
       filter with embedded SIR as       Wireless
       band notch structure              Components Letters

7      Studies of dielectric and         Journal of Materials    34
       electrical properties of a new    Science: Materials in
       type of complex tungsten          Electronics
       bronze electroceramics

8      Chemical and microbial            Journal of Hazardous    33
       remediation of hexavalent         Materials
       chromium from contaminated
       soil and mining/metallurgical
       solid waste: A review

9      Reduction of hexavalent           Journal of Chemical     33
       chromium by Bacillus sp.          Technology and
       isolated from chromite mine       Biotechnology
       soils and characterization of
       reduced product

10     Organogels: Properties and        Designed Monomers       31
       applications in drug delivery     and Polymers

Table-11: Degree of Collaboration

Year    Single([N.sub.s])   Multiple([N.sub.m])

2010            3                   125
2011            3                   167
2012            8                   109
2013            1                   49
2014            1                   24
Total          16                   474

                                   Degree of
Year    [N.sub.s]+[N.sub.m]    Collaboration(c)

2010            128                  0.98
2011            170                  0.98
2012            117                  0.93
2013             50                  0.98
2014             25                  0.96
Total           490                  0.97

Fig-1: No. of Publications

No of Publications

No of Publications

2010    128
2011    170
2012    117
2013     50
2014     25

Note: Table made from line graph.