On November 1st, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) released estimates of real gross domestic product (GDP) by industry for the second quarter of 2018, revised annual estimates for 1997 through 2017, and revised quarterly estimates for the first quarter of 2005 through the first quarter of 2018. The revised estimates reflect the results of the 2018 comprehensive update to the Industry Economic Accounts (IEAs). These accounts provide statistics on interactions among industries and the roles these industries play in the economy, including each industry's contribution to GDP.

Additionally, the release includes the new 2012 supply-use tables (SUTs) as well as updated 2007 benchmark SUTs. The benchmark SUTs provide a detailed picture of the economy, showing relationships among approximately 405 industries and commodities. They serve as the statistical foundation for other BEA estimates, as they are fully integrated with the annual industry accounts and the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPAs). The full time series of annual SUTs, providing information on 71 industry categories, has been updated to be consistent with the benchmark tables.

The statistics show that 16 of 22 major industry groups contributed to an overall 4.2 percent increase in real GDP in the second quarter. Economic growth was led by information; real estate and rental and leasing; and professional, scientific, and technical services. Together, these industries contributed 2.08 percentage points to overall growth (chart 1).

Estimates of real gross output and real intermediate inputs are available for both annual and quarterly IEA statistics. Annual statistics are available for 1947 forward. (1) In addition, annual statistics for 138 industries are now available as part of the underlying detail for the IEAs for 1997 forward. Quarterly statistics are now available at the expanded 71 industry publication level for the first quarter of 2005 forward.

The Latest Snapshot of U.S. Producers

Table 1 shows the percent changes in real value added in the second quarter of 2018 by major industry group.

* Real GDP increased at a 4.2 percent annualized rate in the second quarter of 2018. Overall, 16 of 22 major industry groups contributed to GDP growth.

* Information, the leading contributor to GDP growth, increased 13.4 percent in the second quarter after increasing 4.3 percent. The second-quarter increase was driven by a 30.3 percent increase in data processing, internet publishing and other information services.

* Real estate and rental and leasing, the second leading contributor to GDP growth, increased 5.3 percent after increasing 2.7 percent. This is the largest growth rate since the third quarter of 2013. This growth primarily reflected an 18.0 percent increase in other real estate.

* Professional, scientific, and technical services increased 9.3 percent, the largest increase since the third quarter of 2014, after increasing 6.0 percent. The increase was led by a 9.2 percent increase in miscellaneous professional, scientific, and technical services.

* Mining increased 11.7 percent after decreasing 18.0 percent. This growth was mainly driven by an 8.0 percent increase in oil and gas extraction.

* Health care and social assistance increased 4.7 percent after increasing 4.6 percent, primarily reflecting a 7.0 percent increase in ambulatory health care services.

* Durable-goods manufacturing increased 7.3 percent after decreasing 4.7 percent, the strongest growth rate since the third quarter of 2014. The increase primarily reflected an 18.4 percent increase in motor vehicles, bodies and trailers, and parts manufacturing.

* Nondurable goods decreased 3.7 percent after increasing 12.1 percent. The second-quarter decrease was attributed to a 36.1 percent decrease in petroleum and coal products, which was partially offset by a 7.1 percent increase in chemical products.

* Finance and insurance decreased 2.0 percent after decreasing 5.5 percent. The decrease was driven by a 15.0 percent decrease in securities, commodity contracts, and investments.

Table 2 shows each industry's contribution to the real GDP growth in the second quarter of 2018.

* U.S. economic growth accelerated in the second quarter of 2018, increasing 4.2 percent after increasing 2.2 percent in the first quarter. Overall, 17 out of 22 major industry groups contributed to the acceleration in economic activity.

* Mining was the leading contributor to the acceleration in real GDP growth, contributing 0.17 percentage point to GDP growth after subtracting 0.30 percentage point in the first quarter. The acceleration was driven by oil and gas extraction.

* Information was the second-largest contributor to the acceleration in real GDP growth, contributing 0.70 percentage point after contributing 0.23 percentage point. The second-quarter acceleration was driven primarily by data processing, internet publishing, and other information services.

* Utilities turned up, contributing 0.28 percentage point after subtracting 0.12 percentage point.

* Real estate and rental and leasing accelerated, contributing 0.70 percentage point after contributing 0.36 percentage point. The acceleration was driven by an upturn in other real estate.

* Nondurable goods, which turned down, was the largest offsetting industry group to GDP growth, subtracting 0.19 percentage point after contributing 0.58 percentage point. A downturn in petroleum and coal products drove this result.

* Retail trade turned down, subtracting 0.06 percentage point to GDP growth after contributing 0.41 percentage point. This was led by a deceleration in other retail and a downturn in motor vehicle and parts dealers.

Comprehensive Update Highlights

Comprehensive updates, which occur approximately every 5 years, differ from annual updates in the scope of improvements and in the number of years subject to revision. They provide opportunities for BEA to make changes to its economic accounts to increase the overall quality, relevance, and accuracy of the accounts, while better reflecting the evolving U.S. economy.

The 2018 comprehensive update introduced three major types of improvements: (1) integration with the 2012 benchmark SUTs and the 2018 comprehensive update of the NIPAs, (2) changes in definitions and classifications, which update the accounts to more accurately portray the dynamic U.S. economy and to better facilitate comparisons with economic data available from other countries, and (3) statistical changes, which update the accounts through the use of new and improved estimation methods and newly available and revised source data, including the Economic Census, which is used to benchmark the accounts. Combined, these improvements enable the accounts to continue to accurately measure the structure of the U.S. economy. Major additions and changes that were introduced in the 2018 comprehensive update include the following:

* Incorporation of the results of the 2018 comprehensive update of the NIPAs. (2)

* A shift in emphasis toward SUTs consistent with international recommendations from the 2008 System of National Accounts [SNA 2008] and away from the current make-use framework. (3)

* Release of the new 2012 detailed benchmark SUTs.

* Release of updated 2007 detailed benchmark SUTs consistent with the full time series of annual tables as well as the new 2012 benchmark tables. (4)

* Updated industry and commodity definitions consistent with the 2012 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

* Introduction of more detailed annual data on value added, gross output, and intermediate inputs at roughly the four-digit NAICS level of detail (138 industries) as part of the underlying detail for the IEAs. Currently, the most detailed annual data are published at roughly the three-digit NAICS level (71 industries).

The benchmark SUTs

A major highlight of the 2018 comprehensive update to the IEAs is the release of the 2012 benchmark SUTs. Benchmark tables provide a detailed picture of the economy, showing relationships among hundreds of industries and commodities. Benchmark tables also serve as the statistical foundation for other BEA estimates, including GDP. More specifically, the levels and commodity distributions of final-use categories are set as part of a reconciliation process between production-based data from the SUT framework and expenditure-based data from the NIPAs.

Beginning with this update, BEAs featured set of input-output tables will be presented in the supply-use framework, as recommended in the SNA 2008. With this change, U.S. data will be presented using valuations and a presentational format more comparable to international data. Although the supply-use format will be the featured set of input-output tables, BEA will continue to publish data in the current make-use format as supplementary tables.

Changes in definition

As part of the 2018 comprehensive update, several major changes in definition will be incorporated into both the IEAs and the NIPAs, reflecting ongoing work to further integrate these two sets of statistics. These changes include the following:

* Reclassification of research and development (R&D) for software originals from own-account software (OAS) to own-account R&D

* Recognition of capital services in own-account investment in software and R&D

* Reclassification of "other" state and local personal current taxes as "other" taxes on production

In the supply table, industries that produce software investment saw a decrease in their secondary production of OAS and an offsetting increase in their production of own-account R&D, resulting in an overall increase in the domestic supply of R&D and a corresponding decrease in the domestic supply of software. For 1987-2001, the revisions for own-account software and R&D related to software originals offset one another. For 2002 forward, the revisions deviated from one another, reflecting slightly revised assumptions used in estimating own-account software. In 2012, ownaccount software was revised down $53.4 billion, while R&D was revised up $62.0 billion. The revisions each fall within private fixed investment (PFI), resulting in a net upward impact on total PFI and GDP.

The incorporation of capital services into own-account investment in software and R&D industries that produce these commodities resulted in an overall upward revision in production value of about $11.2 billion in 2012. Between 2012 and 2017, the revisions ranged from $11.2 to $14.4 billion. The resulting increase is absorbed in the use table by corresponding increases in nonresidential private fixed investment in intellectual properly products, which resulted in upward revisions to both total PFI and GDP.

Finally, the reclassification of selected state and local payroll taxes from personal current taxes to taxes on production and imports led to offsetting $1.6 billion revisions in the use table in 2012, as this value was reassigned from gross operating surplus to other taxes on production. This change left total value added by industry unaffected.

Changes in classification

IEA statistics released as part of the 2018 comprehensive update are classified and presented on a 2012 NAICS basis; previously, the statistics were classified and presented on a 2007 NAICS basis. Overall, changes stemming from using the 2012 NAICS are small; the manufacturing wholesale, and retail trade sectors have several changes, but none involved reclassification to another sector. (5)

With the release of the 2018 IEA comprehensive update, BEA published 405 industries in the 2012 benchmark SUTs, compared with 388 industries in the 2007 benchmark SUTs. Wholesale and retail trade were among the largest expansions. To provide a more detailed assignment of trade margins within the supply-use framework, secondary production of retail and wholesale commodities was broken-out to reflect the specific type of retail or wholesale commodity. This reallocation represents a significant improvement in the specificity and granularity of the trade margin data. For wholesale trade, BEA published 11 industries in 2012; in 2007, BEA only published a total wholesale trade aggregate. For retail trade, BEA published 9 industries in 2012, compared with 4 industries in 2007 (table 3).

Statistical improvements

Statistical improvements are changes in estimation procedures to incorporate new and improved methods as well as newly available and revised source data. Several notable improvements in statistical methods were introduced with the release of the 2018 comprehensive update. These improvements include the following:

* Reclassification of taxes

* Introduction of new digital media product lines to the information sector

The updates in taxes improved the distinction between "taxes on products" (TOP) and "other taxes on production" (OTOP), which is more consistent with the recommendations of the SNA 2008 and enhances the compatibility of the NIPA measures of taxes on production and imports with the measures in the industry accounts. The changes had no aggregate effect on the estimates, as they represent reassignment of value rather than the introduction of new value to the SUTs. However, the updated distribution of taxes across different categories significantly enhances the accuracy of TOPs by commodity and OTOPs by industry.

The incorporation of new digital media products to information sector output estimates reflects new 2012 Economic Census revenue data that captures downloads of electronic media for permanent ownership. In addition, the accounts now capture retail trade sales statistics for "video content downloads," the retail trade industry's secondary production of digital downloads. Although this new output represents a small upward revision (less than $1 billion) in 2012, BEA expects digital media content to show significant growth moving forward. With the rising importance of the digital economy, incorporating this improvement is a key step toward capturing this dynamic and rapidly changing sector of the economy with improved accuracy. (6)

Source data

The primary data source for the benchmark SUTs is the Economic Census, which the Census Bureau conducts every 5 years. The Economic Census is the preferred data source because it provides the most comprehensive data available in terms of industry coverage and captures activity in the relevant economic units for those industries. The Economic Census collects data at the level of the smallest operating unit, the "establishment," and provides most of the essential data required for the tables, including inventories, receipts and expenses of business establishments and of government, sales by detailed industry and product line, final industry and product shipments, input costs by general category, and trade margins.

For 2014 through 2017, the updated estimates reflect the incorporation of newly available and revised source data, which are regularly included in the annual updates, and which became available after the annual update in November of 2017. These data include the following:

* Annual Survey of State and Local Governments for fiscal year 2015 (revised) and 2016 (new)

* Annual Survey of Manufactures for 2015 (revised) and 2016 (new)

* Annual Survey of Wholesale Trade for 2015 (revised) and 2016 (new)

* Annual Retail Trade Survey for 2015 (revised) and 2016 (new)

* Service Annual Survey for 2016 (revised) and 2017 (new)

* Value of Construction Put in Place Survey for 2015 and 2016 (revised) and 2017 (preliminary)

* Office of Management and Budget federal government budget data for fiscal Year 2017 (revised) and 2018 (new)

* BEA data for 2015-2017 (revised) from the International Transactions Accounts

* Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages for 2014-2016 (revised)

* Internal Revenue Service (IRS) tabulations of corporate tax returns for 2015 (revised) and for 2016 (new)

* IRS tabulations of sole proprietorship and partnership tax returns for 2016 (new)

* U.S. Department of Agriculture farm statistics for 2015-2017 (revised)

Principal sources of data used to construct current-dollar and chained-dollar estimates for benchmark and nonbenchmark years can be found in table A and table B at the end of this article. Principal sources of data used to construct the quarterly estimates can be found in table C, also at the end of this article.

Gross output

Starting in 2010, data from the Census Bureau Service Annual Survey (SAS) replaced Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) data as the annual indicator for the air transportation industry. The SAS data provided break-outs of domestic and international freight and passenger transportation that assisted in the construction of improved supply-use tables. The Economic Census was used to establish the 2007 and 2012 pillar estimates for the time series, and the 2007 level was backcastto 1997 using data from BTS. BTS data was also used as the source indicator up to 2010, when it was replaced with SAS data to complete the time series.

For IEA quarterly statistics, the Census Bureau Quarterly Services Survey (QSS) data are used as output indictors in place of existing NIPA personal consumption expenditures (PCE) estimates for educational services and accommodation services. NIPA PCE indicators capture personal consumption and do not include business intermediate purchases, while the QSS data captures both. Output estimates for the educational services industry and the accommodation services industry were improved by the replacement because the QSS data more accurately reflect activities that are conceptually included in those industries.

Prices

BEA continually strives to improve the price indexes used throughout the industry accounts and consults regularly with colleagues at BEA, BLS, and the Federal Reserve Board. BEA has introduced several improved indexes and extended improvements introduced in prior updates.

Software, medical equipment, and communications equipment. Software, medical equipment, and communications equipment typically experience rapid innovation and are associated with state-of-the-art technologies. Such products present challenges when using standard matched-model techniques to construct quality-adjusted price indexes. As part of the 2018 comprehensive update, BEA introduced several improved indexes and extended improvements that were introduced in prior updates to previous years to improve the deflation of output measures of software, medical equipment, and communications equipment. (7)

Amusement, gambling, and recreation. Three new BLS producer price indexes became available within "amusement, gambling, and recreation" and were incorporated into the annual and quarterly time series, replacing more aggregated PCE deflators from the NIPAs.

Motion picture and sound recording. Intermediate business purchases of licensing make up a substantial portion of motion picture and sound recording output. A BLS producer price index was incorporated to improve deflation of this output, replacing more aggregated PCE deflators from the NIPAs that largely capture personal consumption.

Revisions

The percent change in real GDP growth for the first quarter of 2018 was revised up 0.2 percentage point to 2.2 percent from the previously published 2.0 percent (table 4). This revision reflected an upward revision to the production of private industries (both goods and services). The direction of growth in real value added was revised for 5 of 22 major industry groups.

* Nondurable-goods manufacturing was revised up 8.4 percentage points, driving the upward revision within private goods-producing industries; value-added growth in this industry group was revised up to 12.1 percent from 3.8 percent.

* Professional, scientific, and technical services was the second leading driver of the upward revision to real value added and the primary driver of the upward revision within private services-producing industries. Value-added growth in this industry group was revised up 4.2 percentage points to 6.0 percent from 1.8 percent.

* The upward revision to real GDP growth was offset by a downward revision of 7.8 percentage points to finance and insurance, which was revised down to -5.5 percent from 2.2 percent.

Quarterly statistics for 2005-2017 were benchmarked to the corresponding annual estimates, and revisions to these quarters typically follow the revisions to the annual data. Updated quarterly source data and revised seasonal factors are also incorporated in the revisions to the quarterly estimates.

2017

Real GDP growth was revised down 0.1 percentage point in 2017 to 2.2 percent from the previously published 2.3 percent. Value-added growth in private services-producing industries was revised downward to 2.4 percent from 2.6 percent. Growth in private goods-producing industries was revised down 0.4 percentage point to 1.2 percent. The direction of growth was unrevised for 17 of 22 major industry groups (chart 2).

* Finance and insurance was the leading contributor to the downward revision to private services-producing industries. Value-added growth in this industry was revised down to 0.4 percent from 1.5 percent, reflecting downward revisions to Federal Reserve banks, credit intermediation, and related activities and to insurance carriers and related activities.

* Mining drove the downward revision to private goods-producing industries. Growth in this industry was revised down 16.4 percentage points to a decrease of 7.9 percent from the previously published increase of 8.5 percent, led by a downward revision to oil and gas extraction.

* Growth in information was revised to 6.4 percent from 4.0 percent, partially offsetting the downward revision to real GDP growth. All four industries within information were revised upward, most significantly data processing internet publishing, and other information services.

2016

Real GDP growth was revised up 0.1 percentage point in 2016 to 1.6 percent from the previously published 1.5 percent. Value-added growth in private services-producing industries was revised up to 2.3 percent from 1.9 percent. Growth in private goods-producing industries was revised down 1.3 percentage points from 0.3 percent to -1.0 percent. The direction of growth was revised for 5 of 22 major industry groups.

* Information was the leading contributor to the upward revision to private servicesproducing industries. Value-added growth in this industry was revised up to 13.4 percent from 5.5 percent, primarily reflecting an upward revision to data processing, internet publishing, and other information services.

* Nondurable-goods manufacturing drove the downward revision to private goodsproducing industries. Growth in this industry was revised down 3.2 percentage points to a decrease of 2.0 percent from the previously published increase of 1.2 percent, reflecting a downward revision in petroleum and coal products growth.

* Wholesale trade growth was revised downward to -1.5 percent from 0.2 percent, partially offsetting the upward revision to real GDP growth and growth in private services.

2015

Real GDP growth was unrevised in 2015 at 2.9 percent. Value-added growth in private servicesproducing industries also went unrevised. Private goods-producing industries growth was revised up 0.1 percentage point from 2.8 percent to 2.9 percent. Government was revised downward from 0.2 percent to flat growth. The direction of growth was unchanged for 19 of 22 major industry groups.

* Mining drove the upward revision to private goods-producing industries. Growth in this industry was revised up 11.8 percentage points to 17.5 percent from the previously published increase of 5.8 percent, driven by an upward revision to growth of oil and gas extraction.

* State and local government growth was revised downward 0.4 percentage point, changing the previously published growth rate of 0.4 percent to a slight decline of -0.1 percent. This revision drove the downward revision in the government sector growth.

2014

Real GDP growth was revised down 0.1 percentage point in 2014 to 2.5 percent from the previously published 2.6 percent. Private services-producing industries, which led the growth in real GDP with growth of 2.7 percent, was revised down from 2.8 percent. Growth in private goods-producing industries was revised downward 0.3 percentage point from 2.4 percent to 2.1 percent. The direction of growth was unchanged for 20 of 22 major industry groups.

* Real estate and rental and leasing drove the downward revision to private services-producing industries. Value-added growth in this industry was revised down to 1.9 percent from 2.5 percent, reflecting a downward revision in growth of other real estate.

* Durable-goods manufacturing drove the downward revision to private goods-producing industries. Growth in this industry was revised down 0.7 percentage point to 0.8 percent from the previously published increase of 1.5 percent. Many durable-goods industries saw downward revisions to real value-added growth, led by fabricated metal products and motor vehicles, bodies and trailers, and parts.

* Growth in information was revised up to 2.1 percent from 0.2 percent, partially offsetting the downward revision to real GDP growth. The revision was mainly driven by data processing internet publishing, and other information services.

2013

Real GDP growth was revised up 0.1 percentage point in 2013 to 1.8 percent from the previously published 1.7 percent. Private services-producing industries led the growth in real GDP with an unrevised growth rate of 1.3 percent. Growth in private goods-producing industries was revised up 0.2 percentage point to 3.9 percent. The direction of growth was unchanged for 21 of 22 major industry groups.

* Durable-goods manufacturing was the leading contributor to the upward revision to private goods-producing industries. Growth in this industry was revised up 1.3 percentage points to 2.5 percent from the previously published increase of 1.2 percent, primarily reflecting an upward revision in growth to computer and electronic products.

* Mining-sector growth was revised to 3.9 percent from 6.7 percent, partially offsetting the upward revision to real GDP growth and growth in private goods, reflecting a downward revision in growth to oil and gas extraction.

2007-2012

The average annual growth rate for real GDP was revised up 0.1 percentage point, primarily reflecting an upward revision to growth in private services-producing industries.

* Average annual growth in real value added for professional, scientific, and technical services was revised up, primarily reflecting upward revisions to computer-systems design and related services and miscellaneous professional, scientific, and technical services.

2002-2007

The average annual growth rate for real GDP was revised up slightly, primarily reflecting an upward revision to growth in private goods-producing industries.

* Average annual growth in real value added for mining was revised up, reflecting upward revisions to oil and gas extraction and support activities for mining.

1997-2002

The growth in private goods-producing industries was revised up slightly, but the average annual growth rate for real GDP was unrevised.

1. Statistics for 1947-1996 have not yet been updated to reflect the 2018 comprehensive update.

2. For more information, see Jason W. Chute, Stephanie H. McCulla, and Shelly Smith, "Preview of the 2018 Comprehensive Update of the National Income and Product Accounts," Survey of Current Business 98 (April 2018].

3. For additional details on the supply-use framework and how it compares to BEA's current make-use tables, see Jeffrey A. Young, Thomas F. Howells III, Erich H. Strassner, and David B. Wasshausen, "Supply-Use Tables for the United States," Survey 95 (September 2015].

4. For more information, see Erich H. Strassner and David B. Wasshausen, "Preview of the 2013 Comprehensive Revision of the Industry Economic Accounts," Survey 93 (June 2013].

5. Concordances between 2007 NAICS and 2012 NAICS are available through the Census Bureau website.

6. Background information on BEA's efforts related to the digital economy are available online.

7. For more information, see Jason W. Chute, Stephanie H. McCulla, and Shelly Smith, "Preview of the 2018 Comprehensive Update of the National Income and Product Accounts," Survey of Current Business 98 (April 2018].

Data Availability and Methodology

Data availability. The entire time series of industry statistics are available interactively on BEA's website. The GDP by industry section includes real, current-dollar, and price data for value added, gross output, intermediate inputs, and KLEMS statistics as well as access to the underlying detail tables. The input-output section includes an annual time series of supply and use tables as well as total requirements tables. The 2007 and 2012 benchmark tables are also available.

Methodology. Comprehensive updates provide an opportunity for improvements to accounts to more accurately measure the structure of the U.S. economy. The main focus of the 2018 comprehensive update was the release of new benchmark tables for 2012 and a shift in emphasis toward supply-use tables and away from the make-use framework. For more detailed information on the updates to methodology and source data in the 2018 comprehensive update, see Thomas F. Howells III, Edward T. Morgan, Kevin B. Barefoot, Louis E. Feagans, Teresa L. Gilmore, and Chelsea K. Smith-Nelson, "Preview of the 2018 Comprehensive Update of the Industry Economic Accounts," Survey of Current Business 98 (August 2018]. For information on the methodology used for preparing the 2012 benchmark input-output tables, see Concepts and Methods of the U.S. Input-Output Accounts on the BEA website. For information on the methodology for preparing the annual statistics, see Donald D. Kim, Erich H. Strassner, and David B. Wasshausen, "Industry Economic Accounts: Results of the Comprehensive Revision and Revised Statistics for 1997-2012," Survey 94 (February 2014]. For information on the methodology for preparing the quarterly statistics, see Erich H. Strassner and David B. Wasshausen, "New Quarterly Gross Domestic Product by Industry Statistics," Survey 94 (May 2014).

Upcoming Data Releases

On January 24, 2019, BEA will release GDP by industry estimates for the third quarter of 2018.

In addition, the current-dollar historical make-use tables will be updated and released during first half of 2019 for the period 1947-1997. This time series, first released in 2015, was the first of its kind, establishing a time series of historical make and use tables that are consistent with currently published statistics for 1997 forward. These estimates provide a long-term view of the industry composition of the U.S. economy.

Acknowledgments

Thomas F. Howells III, Associate Director for Industry Economic Accounts, and Edward T. Morgan, Chief of the Industry Sector Division (ISD), supervised the preparation of the estimates. Erich H. Strassner, Associate Director for National Economic Accounts, provided overall guidance. Jeffery A. Young, Chief of the Input-Output Statistics Branch in the Industry Analysis Division (IAD), managed the economic information systems used to produce and review the statistics. Paul V. Kern, Chief of Information, Business Services, and Travel and Tourism Satellite Accounts Branch in ISD; Jennifer Lee, Chief of the Income and Value Added Branch; William A. Jolliff, Chief of the Goods, Inventories, and International Trade Branch in IAD; and Patricia A. Washington, Chief of the Personal Services and Government Branch in ISD, provided guidance and contributed to the preparation of industry statistics and analysis. Maxine V. Tiggle and Patricia A. Wilkinson provided administrative and program assistance.

The following staff also contributed to the preparation of the statistics:

* Agriculture, mining, manufacturing, international trade, and inventories: Kevin B. Barefoot, Justin M. Harper, David M. Curtis, Patrick S. Georgi, Cailyn M. Kreitz, Peter D. Kuhbach, Ethan Schein, and Blaire Thomson.

* Construction: Chelsea K. Smith-Nelson.

* Utilities and distributive services: Ricky L. Stewart, Rachel L. Goulder, and Vanessa M. Vogel.

* Finance, insurance, real estate, rental, and leasing: Sarah Osborne, Louis E. Feagans, and Seth D. Markowitz.

* Health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment, and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services; educational services; and government services: Brian M. Lindberg, Daniel W. Jackson, Aaron J. Baker, Alexander M. Eisenmann, Connor Franks, Taylor M. Grant, Darlene C. Robinson-Smith, and Linda Y. Wong.

* Information, business, and management services: Casey W. Ross, Mariapia E. Carbajal, Robert E. Omohundro, Andres F. Orozco, and Mandy C. Roberts.

* Transportation and warehousing: William H. Nicolls IV, Marina Kotzavekiaris, and Luke M. Mendelsohn.

* Professional services and value added: Richard Cao, Dominique Y. Dubria, Teresa L. Gilmore, and Cyril P. McNeill.

* Economic information systems: Matthew E. Calby Gabriel W. Medeiros, Tyler J. Gold, Eugene N. Njinkeu, Nilay S. Patel, Phillip J. Sporrer, and Max C. Sergent.

In addition, staff from the National Economic Accounts Directorate under the direction of Erich H. Strassner, Associate Director; David B. Wasshausen, Division Chief of the National Income and Wealth Division; and Pamela A. Kelly, Division Chief of the Government Division, and staff from the International Economic Accounts Directorate under the direction of Paul Farello, Associate Director, made important contributions, without which these statistics could not have been prepared.

Data Source Tables

By Thomas F. Howells III, Edward T. Morgan, and Casey W. Ross

Taylor M. Grant and Blaire Thomson contributed to the analysis in this article.

Table 1. Percent Changes in Real Value Added by Industry Group
[Seasonally adjusted at annual rates]

Line                                              2017
                                         I     II     III    IV

 1         Gross domestic product       1.8    3.0    2.8    2.3
 2     Private industries               1.7    3.1    2.9    2.3
 3       Agriculture, forestry,        -4.8   -7.8   -9.1   -4.9
         fishing, and hunting
 4       Mining                         4.3   30.8   14.1   -5.0
 5       Utilities                    -10.3    9.4   -6.3    8.4
 6       Construction                   1.5   -2.8    1.0    6.7
 7       Manufacturing                  7.8    3.5    0.9    6.8
 8         Durable goods                3.5    4.6    6.1    6.9
 9         Nondurable goods            13.8    2.1   -5.4    6.7
10       Wholesale trade                1.7    2.8    1.7    3.9
11       Retail trade                   1.4    6.2    7.9    1.2
12       Transportation and             4.0    4.1    3.7   -0.2
         warehousing
13       Information                    3.2   12.1   11.1    7.2
14       Finance, insurance,           -1.2   -2.1    1.5   -1.7
         real estate,
         rental, and leasing
15         Finance and insurance       -6.1   -8.8    3.6   -7.7
16         Real estate                  1.8    2.0    0.3    1.8
           and rental
           and leasing
17       Professional and               4.2    5.8    4.8    4.4
         business services
18         Professional, scientific,    1.9    6.3    3.7    3.5
           and technical services
19         Management of                7.1    5.7   10.8   10.5
           companies and enterprises
20         Administrative and           7.8    4.8    3.7    2.7
           waste management services
21       Educational services           0.9    2.5    1.3    1.9
         health care, and
         social assistance
22         Educational services        -9.9   -0.2    3.2    1.0
23         Health care and              2.8    2.9    1.0    2.0
           social assistance
24       Arts, entertainment,          -1.0    4.1    2.7   -0.9
         recreation, accommodation,
         and food services
25         Arts, entertainment,        -7.4   10.7   11.8   -3.5
           and recreation
26         Accommodation and            1.5    1.8   -0.5    0.1
           food services
27       Other services,               -1.7    2.5    3.3    1.1
         except government
28     Government                       1.1   -0.1    0.3    0.0
29       Federal                        0.6   -0.7    0.1   -0.6
30       State and local                1.3    0.2    0.3    0.2
       Addenda:
31     Private goods-producing          5.3    3.2    1.3    5.2
       industries (1)
32     Private services-producing       0.8    3.0    3.3    1.6
       industries (2)

Line                                      2018
                                        I     II

 1         Gross domestic product       2.2    4.2
 2     Private industries               2.3    4.4
 3       Agriculture, forestry,        -8.2    8.5
         fishing, and hunting
 4       Mining                       -18.0   11.7
 5       Utilities                     -7.2   19.1
 6       Construction                   4.0    2.6
 7       Manufacturing                  7.9    2.3
 8         Durable goods                4.7    7.3
 9         Nondurable goods            12.1   -3.7
10       Wholesale trade                0.8    2.6
11       Retail trade                   7.6   -1.0
12       Transportation and             6.4   -0.2
         warehousing
13       Information                    4.3   13.4
14       Finance, insurance,           -0.3    2.6
         real estate,
         rental, and leasing
15         Finance and insurance       -5.5   -2.0
16         Real estate                  2.7    5.3
           and rental
           and leasing
17       Professional and               3.5    7.8
         business services
18         Professional, scientific,    6.0    9.3
           and technical services
19         Management of               -1.7    4.8
           companies and enterprises
20         Administrative and           0.9    6.0
           waste management services
21       Educational services           4.4    3.9
         health care, and
         social assistance
22         Educational services         3.0   -0.5
23         Health care and              4.6    4.7
           social assistance
24       Arts, entertainment,          -3.3    6.7
         recreation, accommodation,
         and food services
25         Arts, entertainment,        -5.1    9.5
           and recreation
26         Accommodation and           -2.7    5.7
           food services
27       Other services,                0.0    4.2
         except government
28     Government                      -0.9    0.6
29       Federal                       -1.5   -0.2
30       State and local               -0.6    0.9
       Addenda:
31     Private goods-producing          3.8    3.4
       industries (1)
32     Private services-producing       2.0    4.7
       industries (2)

(1.) Consists of agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting; mining;
construction; and manufacturing.
(2.) Consists of utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade;
transportation and warehousing; information; finance, insurance, real
estate, rental, and leasing; professional and business services;
educational services, health care, and social assistance; arts,
entertainment, recreation, accommodation, and food services; and other
services, except government.

Table 2. Contributions to Percent Change in Real GDP by Industry Group
[Percentage points, seasonally adjusted at annual rates]

Line                                                2017
                                         I       II      III     IV

 1         Gross domestic product (1)   1.8     3.0     2.8     2.3
 2     Private industries               1.45    2.66    2.54    2.02
 3       Agriculture, forestry,        -0.04   -0.07   -0.08   -0.04
         fishing, and hunting
 4       Mining                         0.03    0.34    0.17   -0.08
 5       Utilities                     -0.17    0.14   -0.10    0.13
 6       Construction                   0.06   -0.11    0.04    0.26
 7       Manufacturing                  0.84    0.39    0.10    0.74
 8         Durable goods                0.21    0.28    0.38    0.43
 9         Nondurable goods             0.63    0.10   -0.28    0.32
10       Wholesale trade                0.10    0.17    0.10    0.24
11       Retail trade                   0.08    0.34    0.43    0.07
12       Transportation and             0.12    0.13    0.12   -0.01
         warehousing
13       Information                    0.17    0.61    0.57    0.38
14       Finance, insurance,           -0.24   -0.43    0.31   -0.36
         real estate,
         rental, and leasing
15         Finance and insurance       -0.48   -0.69    0.27   -0.60
16         Real estate and              0.24    0.27    0.04    0.24
           rental and leasing
17       Professional and               0.51    0.71    0.59    0.54
         business services
18         Professional, scientific,    0.14    0.46    0.28    0.26
           and technical services
19         Management of                0.13    0.11    0.20    0.19
           companies and enterprises
20         Administrative and           0.23    0.15    0.11    0.08
           waste management services
21       Educational services,          0.08    0.22    0.11    0.16
         health care,
         and social assistance
22         Educational services        -0.13    0.00    0.04    0.01
23         Health care and              0.21    0.22    0.07    0.15
           social assistance
24       Arts, entertainment,          -0.04    0.17    0.11   -0.04
         recreation, accommodation,
         and food services
25         Arts, entertainment,        -0.08    0.11    0.12   -0.04
           and recreation
26         Accommodation                0.04    0.05   -0.01    0.00
           and food services
27       Other services,               -0.04    0.05    0.07    0.02
         except government
28     Government                       0.14   -0.01    0.03    0.00
29       Federal                        0.02   -0.03    0.00   -0.02
30       State and local                0.11    0.01    0.03    0.02
       Addenda:
31     Private goods-producing          0.89    0.55    0.23    0.88
       industries (2)
32     Private services-producing       0.56    2.11    2.31    1.14
       industries (3)

Line                                        2018
                                          I       II

 1         Gross domestic product (1)    2.2     4.2
 2     Private industries                2.03    3.89
 3       Agriculture, forestry,         -0.07    0.07
         fishing, and hunting
 4       Mining                         -0.30    0.17
 5       Utilities                      -0.12    0.28
 6       Construction                    0.16    0.11
 7       Manufacturing                   0.88    0.26
 8         Durable goods                 0.29    0.45
 9         Nondurable goods              0.58   -0.19
10       Wholesale trade                 0.05    0.16
11       Retail trade                    0.41   -0.06
12       Transportation and              0.20    0.00
         warehousing
13       Information                     0.23    0.70
14       Finance, insurance,            -0.07    0.55
         real estate,
         rental, and leasing
15         Finance and insurance        -0.43   -0.14
16         Real estate and               0.36    0.70
           rental and leasing
17       Professional and                0.43    0.96
         business services
18         Professional, scientific,     0.44    0.68
           and technical services
19         Management of                -0.03    0.09
           companies and enterprises
20         Administrative and            0.03    0.18
           waste management services
21       Educational services,           0.37    0.34
         health care,
         and social assistance
22         Educational services          0.04   -0.01
23         Health care and               0.34    0.34
           social assistance
24       Arts, entertainment,           -0.14    0.27
         recreation, accommodation,
         and food services
25         Arts, entertainment,         -0.06    0.10
           and recreation
26         Accommodation                -0.08    0.17
           and food services
27       Other services,                 0.00    0.09
         except government
28     Government                       -0.11    0.07
29       Federal                        -0.06   -0.01
30       State and local                -0.06    0.08
       Addenda:
31     Private goods-producing           0.67    0.61
       industries (2)
32     Private services-producing        1.36    3.28
       industries (3)

GDP Gross domestic product
(1.) The estimates of gross domestic product under the contributions
columns are percent changes.
(2.) Consists of agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting; mining;
construction; and manufacturing.
(3.) Consists of utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade;
transportation and warehousing; information; finance, insurance, real
estate, rental, and leasing; professional and business services;
educational services, health care, and social assistance; arts,
entertainment, recreation, accommodation, and food services; and other
services, except government.
Note. Percentage-point contributions do not sum to the percent change
in real gross domestic product because the industry details are
calculated using source data and methodologies that differ from those
used to calculate growth in the top-line, expenditure-based measure of
real GDP.

Table 3. Effects of Expanding Industry Detail in the Industry Economic
Accounts

2007 BEA   Previous              2012 BEA        New
codes      publication level     codes     publication level

HS         Real estate           HSO       Owner-occupied
                                           housing services
                                 HST       Tenant-occupied
                                           housing services
524100     Insurance carriers    524113    Direct life insurance
                                           carriers
                                 5241X     Insurance carriers,
                                           except direct life
524200     Insurance agencies,   524200    Insurance agencies,
           brokerages, and                 brokerages, and related
           related activities              activities
GSLG       General state and     GSLGE     State and local government
           local government                educational services
           services
                                 GSLGH     State and local government
                                           hospitals and health
                                           services
                                 GSLGO     State and local government
                                           other services
420000     Wholesale trade       423100    Motor vehicle and motor
                                           vehicle parts and
                                           supplies
                                 423400    Professional and commercial
                                           equipment and
                                           supplies
                                 423600    Household appliances and
                                           electrical and
                                           electronic goods
                                 423800    Machinery, equipment, and
                                           supplies
                                 423A00    Other durable goods merchant
                                           wholesalers
                                 424200    Drugs and druggists' sundries
                                 424400    Grocery and related product
                                           wholesalers
                                 424700    Petroleum and petroleum
                                           products
                                 424A00    Other nondurable goods
                                           merchant wholesalers
                                 425000    Wholesale electronic markets
                                           and agents and
                                           brokers
                                 4200ID    Customs duties
4A0000     Other retail          444000    Building material and garden
                                           equipment and
                                           supplies dealers
                                 446000    Health and personal
                                           care stores
                                 447000    Gasoline stations
                                 448000    Clothing and clothing
                                           accessories stores
                                 454000    Nonstore retailers
                                 4B0000    All other retail

Table 4. Percent Change in Real Value Added by Industry Group: Annual
Revisions for 2015-2017 and First Quarter Revisions for 2018-Continues

Line                                        1997-2002 (Average)
                                      Updated     Previous
                                     Statistics  Statistics  Revision

 1        Gross domestic                 3.2         3.2        0.0
          product
 2    Private industries                 3.4         3.4        0.0
 3      Agriculture, forestry,           3.1         3.0        0.1
        fishing, and hunting
 4      Mining                           1.6         0.9        0.7
 5      Utilities                       -0.1         0.2       -0.3
 6      Construction                     1.5         1.3        0.2
 7      Manufacturing                    2.7         2.7        0.0
 8        Durable goods                  4.5         4.4        0.1
 9        Nondurable goods               0.2         0.3       -0.1
10      Wholesale trade                  4.2         4.1        0.1
11      Retail trade                     4.9         4.5        0.4
12      Transportation and              -0.9        -0.8       -0.2
        warehousing
13      Information                      7.2         6.8        0.5
14      Finance, insurance, real         4.4         4.9       -0.4
        estate, rental, and leasing
15        Finance and insurance          7.0         8.3       -1.4
16        Real estate and rental         3.0         2.9        0.1
          and leasing
17      Professional and                 3.8         3.7        0.1
        business services
18        Professional, scientific,      4.4         4.1        0.3
          and technical services
19        Management of companies        2.3         2.3        0.0
          and enterprises
20        Administrative and waste       3.6         3.8       -0.3
          management services
21      Educational services,            2.8         2.5        0.2
        health care, and
        social assistance
22        Educational services           2.1         1.9        0.1
23        Health care and                2.9         2.6        0.3
          social assistance
        Arts, entertainment,
        recreation, accommodation,
24      and food services                2.7         2.6        0.1
25        Arts, entertainment,           1.5         1.4        0.1
          and recreation
26        Accommodation and              3.1         3.0        0.1
          food services
27      Other services, except           0.0        -0.1        0.0
        government
28    Government                         1.4         1.4        0.0
29      Federal                          0.2         0.2        0.0
30      State and local                  2.1         2.0        0.0
      Addenda:
31    Private goods-producing            2.4         2.3        0.1
      industries (1)
32    Private services-producing         3.7         3.7        0.0
      industries (2)
33    Information-communications-       12.9        12.9        0.0
      technology-producing
      industries (3)

Line                                       2002-2007 (Average)
                                      Updated     Previous   Revision
                                     Statistics  Statistics

 1        Gross domestic                 2.8        2.7        0.1
          product
 2    Private industries                 2.9        2.8        0.2
 3      Agriculture, forestry,           2.3        2.5       -0.2
        fishing, and hunting
 4      Mining                           2.8        0.6        2.2
 5      Utilities                        1.7        0.7        1.0
 6      Construction                    -0.5       -0.7        0.2
 7      Manufacturing                    4.3        3.8        0.4
 8        Durable goods                  6.0        5.5        0.5
 9        Nondurable goods               2.1        1.8        0.3
10      Wholesale trade                  3.6        4.0       -0.4
11      Retail trade                     2.0        2.0        0.0
12      Transportation and               3.0        3.6       -0.5
        warehousing
13      Information                      7.4        6.9        0.5
14      Finance, insurance, real         2.5        2.5        0.0
        estate, rental, and leasing
15        Finance and insurance          1.8        1.9       -0.1
16        Real estate and rental         2.9        2.9        0.0
          and leasing
17      Professional and                 2.9        2.7        0.2
        business services
18        Professional, scientific,      3.1        2.8        0.3
          and technical services
19        Management of companies       -1.0       -0.5       -0.5
          and enterprises
20        Administrative and waste       4.8        4.7        0.1
          management services
21      Educational services,            3.2        3.0        0.3
        health care, and
        social assistance
22        Educational services           2.3        2.5       -0.3
23        Health care and                3.4        3.1        0.3
          social assistance
        Arts, entertainment,
        recreation, accommodation,
24      and food services                2.1        2.2       -0.1
25        Arts, entertainment,           2.6        2.9       -0.3
          and recreation
26        Accommodation and              1.9        1.9       -0.1
          food services
27      Other services, except           0.0       -0.1        0.1
        government
28    Government                         1.1        1.1        0.0
29      Federal                          1.3        1.3       -0.1
30      State and local                  1.0        1.0        0.0
      Addenda:
31    Private goods-producing            3.0        2.5        0.5
      industries (1)
32    Private services-producing         2.9        2.9        0.1
      industries (2)
33    Information-communications-       11.2       11.0        0.2
      technology-producing
      industries (3)

Line                                        2007-2012 (Average)
                                      Updated     Previous
                                     Statistics  Statistics  Revision

 1        Gross domestic                 1.0         0.8       0.1
          product
 2    Private industries                 0.8         0.7       0.2
 3      Agriculture, forestry,          -1.5        -0.8      -0.7
        fishing, and hunting
 4      Mining                           3.9         5.4      -1.6
 5      Utilities                        3.2         0.9       2.3
 6      Construction                    -5.2        -4.4      -0.8
 7      Manufacturing                   -0.5        -0.2      -0.2
 8        Durable goods                  2.2         1.6       0.6
 9        Nondurable goods              -3.3        -2.0      -1.3
10      Wholesale trade                  0.4        -0.4       0.8
11      Retail trade                    -1.4        -0.8      -0.5
12      Transportation and              -0.1         0.1      -0.2
        warehousing
13      Information                      3.4         2.8       0.7
14      Finance, insurance, real         1.8         1.5       0.3
        estate, rental, and leasing
15        Finance and insurance          1.3         1.1       0.3
16        Real estate and rental         2.3         2.0       0.3
          and leasing
17      Professional and                 2.4         2.0       0.4
        business services
18        Professional, scientific,      2.9         2.1       0.8
          and technical services
19        Management of companies        1.6         1.3       0.3
          and enterprises
20        Administrative and waste       1.9         2.2      -0.3
          management services
21      Educational services,            2.5         2.1       0.4
        health care, and
        social assistance
22        Educational services           3.3         2.3       1.0
23        Health care and                2.4         2.1       0.4
          social assistance
        Arts, entertainment,
        recreation, accommodation,
24      and food services                0.2         0.2       0.0
25        Arts, entertainment,           2.3         1.3       1.0
          and recreation
26        Accommodation and             -0.5        -0.2      -0.4
          food services
27      Other services, except          -2.2        -1.9      -0.3
        government
28    Government                         0.4         0.6      -0.2
29      Federal                          1.4         1.5      -0.1
30      State and local                 -0.1         0.2      -0.2
      Addenda:
31    Private goods-producing           -1.2        -0.6      -0.5
      industries (1)
32    Private services-producing         1.4         1.0       0.3
      industries (2)
33    Information-communications-        6.7         4.5       2.2
      technology-producing
      industries (3)

                                                   2013
                                     Updated     Previous   Revision
                                    Statistics  Statistics

 1       Gross domestic                 1.8         1.7        0.1
         product
 2   Private industries                 1.9         1.8        0.1
 3     Agriculture, forestry,          16.6        17.0       -0.4
       fishing, and hunting
 4     Mining                           3.9         6.7       -2.8
 5     Utilities                       -1.1        -0.8       -0.2
 6     Construction                     2.5         2.8       -0.3
 7     Manufacturing                    3.1         2.0        1.1
 8       Durable goods                  2.5         1.2        1.2
 9       Nondurable goods               3.8         2.8        1.0
10     Wholesale trade                  2.3         3.2       -0.9
11     Retail trade                     3.1         2.9        0.2
12     Transportation and               1.5         1.1        0.3
       warehousing
13     Information                      9.1         6.5        2.6
14     Finance, insurance, real        -0.9        -0.7       -0.2
       estate, rental, and leasing
15       Finance and insurance         -5.9        -4.5       -1.4
16       Real estate and rental         1.9         1.5        0.5
         and leasing
17     Professional and                 1.3         1.3        0.0
       business services
18       Professional, scientific,      0.3         0.1        0.2
         and technical services
19       Management of companies        4.9         5.3       -0.3
         and enterprises
20       Administrative and waste       1.5         1.6        0.0
         management services
21     Educational services,            1.3         1.3        0.0
       health care, and
       social assistance
22       Educational services          -1.6        -2.1        0.5
23       Health care and                1.8         1.8        0.0
         social assistance
24     Arts, entertainment,             2.1         2.4       -0.3
       recreation, accommodation,
       and food services
25       Arts, entertainment,           2.0         3.0       -1.0
         and recreation
26       Accommodation and              2.2         2.2        0.0
         food services
27     Other services, except          -0.7        -0.8        0.0
       government
28   Government                        -0.7        -0.8        0.1
29     Federal                         -2.3        -2.4        0.1
30     State and locall                 0.1         0.0        0.1
     Addenda:
31   Private goods-producing            3.9         3.6        0.2
     industries (1)
32   Private services-producing         1.3         1.3        0.0
     industries (2)
33   Information-communications-        8.3         7.0        1.3
     technology-producing
     industries (3)
                                                 2014
                                     Updated     Previous   Revision
                                    Statistics  Statistics

 1       Gross domestic                2.5         2.6        -0.1
         product
 2   Private industries                2.7         2.8        -0.1
 3     Agriculture, forestry,          0.5        -0.8         1.3
       fishing, and hunting
 4     Mining                          9.9         8.9         1.1
 5     Utilities                      -4.2        -3.1        -1.1
 6     Construction                    1.3         1.8        -0.5
 7     Manufacturing                   1.0         1.5        -0.5
 8       Durable goods                 0.8         1.5        -0.7
 9       Nondurable goods              1.2         1.6        -0.4
10     Wholesale trade                 4.0         4.5        -0.5
11     Retail trade                    1.5         2.6        -1.1
12     Transportation and              2.7         2.0         0.7
       warehousing
13     Information                     2.1         0.2         1.9
14     Finance, insurance, real        3.0         3.0         0.0
       estate, rental, and leasing
15       Finance and insurance         5.1         4.1         1.0
16       Real estate and rental        1.9         2.5        -0.6
         and leasing
17     Professional and                4.4         4.6        -0.1
       business services
18       Professional, scientific,     4.2         4.3        -0.1
         and technical services
19       Management of companies       6.5         7.4        -0.9
         and enterprises
20       Administrative and waste      3.7         3.5         0.2
         management services
21     Educational services,           1.8         1.7         0.1
       health care, and
       social assistance
22       Educational services          1.2         0.4         0.8
23       Health care and               1.9         1.9         0.0
         social assistance
24     Arts, entertainment,            3.2         3.7        -0.5
       recreation, accommodation,
       and food services
25       Arts, entertainment,          4.2         4.4        -0.2
         and recreation
26       Accommodation and             2.8         3.4        -0.6
         food services
27     Other services, except          2.7         2.8         0.0
       government
28   Government                       -0.2        -0.2        -0.1
29     Federal                        -0.6        -0.9         0.3
30     State and locall               -0.1         0.2        -0.3
     Addenda:
31   Private goods-producing           2.1         2.4        -0.3
     industries (1)
32   Private services-producing        2.8         2.9        -0.1
     industries (2)
33   Information-communications-       4.3         2.8         1.5
     technology-producing
     industries (3)

                                                 2015
                                     Updated     Previous   Revision
                                    Statistics  Statistics

 1       Gross domestic                 2.9         2.9       0.0
         product
 2   Private industries                 3.1         3.1       0.1
 3     Agriculture, forestry,           6.7         7.6      -0.9
       fishing, and hunting
 4     Mining                           8.4         5.8       2.6
 5     Utilities                       -0.6        -1.4       0.8
 6     Construction                     4.2         5.3      -1.1
 7     Manufacturing                    0.5         0.9      -0.4
 8       Durable goods                  1.3         0.2       1.1
 9       Nondurable goods              -0.4         1.7      -2.1
10     Wholesale trade                  4.0         2.9       1.2
11     Retail trade                     3.3         3.7      -0.4
12     Transportation and               2.5         0.2       2.3
       warehousing
13     Information                     11.3        10.3       1.0
14     Finance, insurance, real         2.3         2.9      -0.5
       estate, rental, and leasing
15       Finance and insurance          2.8         4.7      -1.9
16       Real estate and rental         2.1         1.9       0.2
         and leasing
17     Professional and                 3.1         3.1       0.0
       business services
18       Professional, scientific,      3.8         3.9      -0.1
         and technical services
19       Management of companies        1.7         2.9      -1.3
         and enterprises
20       Administrative and waste       2.2         1.2       1.0
         management services
21     Educational services,            3.2         3.2       0.0
       health care, and
       social assistance
22       Educational services           1.0         0.5       0.5
23       Health care and                3.6         3.6       0.0
         social assistance
24     Arts, entertainment,             2.2         1.7       0.6
       recreation, accommodation,
       and food services
25       Arts, entertainment,          -2.0        -1.5      -0.6
         and recreation
26       Accommodation and              3.8         2.8       1.0
         food services
27     Other services, except           0.8         0.8       0.0
       government
28   Government                         0.0         0.2      -0.2
29     Federal                          0.1         0.0       0.1
30     State and locall                 0.0         0.4      -0.4
     Addenda:
31   Private goods-producing            2.4         2.8      -0.3
     industries (1)
32   Private services-producing         3.3         3.2       0.2
     industries (2)
33   Information-communications-       12.9         9.0       3.9
     technology-producing
     industries (3)

Line                                             2016
                                      Updated     Previous   Revision
                                     Statistics  Statistics

 1        Gross domestic                 1.6          1.5       0.1
          product
 2    Private industries                 1.6          1.5       0.1
 3      Agriculture, forestry,           4.3         10.5      -6.2
        fishing, and hunting
 4      Mining                          -4.8        -13.3       8.5
 5      Utilities                        5.0          4.7       0.3
 6      Construction                     3.4          3.3       0.0
 7      Manufacturing                   -1.2          0.5      -1.7
 8        Durable goods                 -0.5         -0.2      -0.3
 9        Nondurable goods              -2.1          1.2      -3.3
10      Wholesale trade                 -1.1          0.2      -1.3
11      Retail trade                     3.8          4.2      -0.3
12      Transportation and               1.2          0.7       0.5
        warehousing
13      Information                     10.5          5.5       5.1
14      Finance, insurance, real         1.1          0.7       0.4
        estate, rental, and leasing
15        Finance and insurance          0.1         -2.1       2.2
16        Real estate and rental         1.7          2.4      -0.7
          and leasing
17      Professional and                 1.8          2.2      -0.4
        business services
18        Professional, scientific,      2.3          2.9      -0.5
          and technical services
19        Management of companies        1.0          1.7      -0.7
          and enterprises
20        Administrative and waste       1.1          1.1       0.1
          management services
21      Educational services,            2.4          2.1       0.3
        health care, and
        social assistance
22        Educational services           1.3          0.3       1.0
23        Health care and                2.6          2.4       0.3
          social assistance
24      Arts, entertainment,             0.6          1.5      -1.0
        recreation, accommodation,
        and food services

25        Arts, entertainment,           2.2          2.7      -0.5
          and recreation
26        Accommodation and              0.0          1.1      -1.1
          food services
27      Other services, except          -0.7          0.8      -1.4
        government
28    Government                         1.0          1.0       0.0
29      Federal                          0.8          0.6       0.2
30      State and local                  1.1          1.2      -0.1
      Addenda:
31    Private goods-producing           -0.2          0.3      -0.5
      industries (1)
32    Private services-producing         2.1          1.9       0.2
      industries (2)
33    Information-communications-       12.4          6.6       5.8
      technology-producing
      industries (3)

Line                                              2017
                                      Updated     Previous   Revision
                                     Statistics  Statistics

 1        Gross domestic                 2.2         2.3       -0.1
          product
 2    Private industries                 2.1         2.4       -0.2
 3      Agriculture, forestry,          -4.8        -9.4        4.6
        fishing, and hunting
 4      Mining                           1.5         8.5       -7.1
 5      Utilities                       -1.0         1.8       -2.8
 6      Construction                     0.8         0.7        0.1
 7      Manufacturing                    2.4         1.9        0.6
 8        Durable goods                  3.2         3.4       -0.3
 9        Nondurable goods               1.5         0.1        1.4
10      Wholesale trade                  2.1         2.8       -0.6
11      Retail trade                     4.0         3.5        0.5
12      Transportation and               4.0         3.2        0.8
        warehousing
13      Information                      7.1         4.0        3.1
14      Finance, insurance, real         0.1         1.5       -1.4
        estate, rental, and leasing
15        Finance and insurance         -1.6         1.0       -2.6
16        Real estate and rental         1.0         1.8       -0.7
          and leasing
17      Professional and                 4.2         3.4        0.8
        business services
18        Professional, scientific,      3.4         2.5        0.9
          and technical services
19        Management of companies        6.5         4.6        1.9
          and enterprises
20        Administrative and waste       4.8         4.9       -0.1
          management services
21      Educational services,            1.7         2.6       -0.9
        health care, and
        social assistance
22        Educational services          -2.1         0.3       -2.4
23        Health care and                2.3         3.0       -0.6
          social assistance
24      Arts, entertainment,             1.8         2.3       -0.5
        recreation, accommodation,
        and food services

25        Arts, entertainment,           3.6         3.8       -0.2
          and recreation
26        Accommodation and              1.2         1.8       -0.6
          food services
27      Other services, except           0.5         1.9       -1.4
        government
28    Government                         0.7         0.6        0.2
29      Federal                          0.3        -0.1        0.3
30      State and local                  0.9         0.8        0.1
      Addenda:
31    Private goods-producing            1.6         1.6        0.0
      industries (1)
32    Private services-producing         2.3         2.6       -0.3
      industries (2)
33    Information-communications-        7.6         --         --
      technology-producing
      industries (3)

Line                                                2018
                                       Updated     Previous   Revision
                                      Statistics  Statistics

 1         Gross domestic                 2.2        2.0         0.2
           product
 2     Private industries                 2.3        2.2         0.1
 3       Agriculture, forestry,          -8.2       -4.6        -3.6
         fishing, and hunting
 4       Mining                         -18.0        5.5       -23.5
 5       Utilities                       -7.2       -6.4        -0.8
 6       Construction                     4.0        3.9         0.1
 7       Manufacturing                    7.9        3.4         4.5
 8         Durable goods                  4.7        3.2         1.5
 9         Nondurable goods              12.1        3.8         8.3
10       Wholesale trade                  0.8        0.2         0.6
11       Retail trade                     7.6        2.9         4.7
12       Transportation and               6.4        6.4         0.0
         warehousing
13       Information                      4.3        6.8        -2.5
14       Finance, insurance, real        -0.3        2.9        -3.2
         estate, rental, and leasing
15         Finance and insurance         -5.5        2.2        -7.7
16         Real estate and rental         2.7        3.3        -0.6
           and leasing
17       Professional and                 3.5        1.0         2.5
         business services
18         Professional, scientific,      6.0        1.8         4.2
           and technical services
19         Management of companies       -1.7        0.8        -2.5
           and enterprises
20         Administrative and waste       0.9       -0.9         1.8
           management services
21       Educational services,            4.4        2.2         2.2
         health care, and
         social assistance
22         Educational services           3.0        2.8         0.2
23         Health care and                4.6        2.2         2.4
           social assistance
24       Arts, entertainment,            -3.3       -2.7        -0.6
         recreation, accommodation,
         and food services

25         Arts, entertainment,          -5.1       -7.1         2.0
           and recreation
26         Accommodation and             -2.7       -1.2        -1.5
           food services
27       Other services, except           0.0       -4.4         4.4
         government
28     Government                        -0.9       -0.5        -0.4
29       Federal                         -1.5       -1.6         0.1
30       State and local                 -0.6       -0.1        -0.5
       Addenda:
31     Private goods-producing            3.8        3.4         0.4
       industries (1)
32     Private services-producing         2.0        1.9         0.1
       industries (2)
33     Information-communications-        --         --          --
       technology-producing
       industries (3)

(1.) Consists of agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting; mining;
construction; and manufacturing.
(2.) Consists of utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade;
transportation and warehousing; information; finance, insurance, real
estate, rental, and leasing; professional and business services;
educational services, health care, and social assistance; arts,
entertainment, recreation, accommodation, and food services; and other
services, except government.
(3.) Consists of computer and electronic product manufacturing
(excluding navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control
instruments manufacturing); software publishers; broadcasting and
telecommunications; data processing, hosting and related services;
Internet publishing and broadcasting and Web search portals; and
computer systems design and related services.

Table A. Principal Data Sources for Industry and Commodity Output and
Prices

Industry and          2012 benchmark-year        Nonbenchmark-year
commodity             sources                    sources
Agriculture,
forestry, fishing,
and hunting

Farms                 Bureau of Economic         Farm output from
                      Analysis (BEA)             BEA NIPAs based
                      National                   on USDA ERS data
                      Income and Product
                      Accounts (NIPAs)
                      statistics based on
                      U.S. Department of
                      Agriculture (USDA)
                      Economic
                      Research Service
                      (ERS) data
Forestry, fishing,    For forestry and for       For forestry and for
and related           logging, and forestry      logging, and forestry
activities            support activities, BEA    support activities,
                      NIPA farm output; for      NIPA farm output;
                       fishing, hunting, and     for fishing,
                       trapping, commercial      hunting, and trapping,
                       landings data from        commercial landings
                       National Oceanic and      data from NOAA, U.S.
                       Atmospheric               Census Bureau
                       Administration            Manufacturers'
                       (NOAA), U.S. Census       Shipments,
                       Bureau 2012 Economic      Inventories, and
                       Census North American     Orders (M3) data, and
                       Industry Classification   ERS data
                       System (NAICS) Sector
                       11, and ERS data

Mining
Oil and gas           Census Bureau 2012         U.S. Energy
extraction            Economic Census, NAICS     Information
                      Sector 21, Mining          Administration
                                                 (EIA) data on
                                                 quantities produced
                                                 and prices
Mining, except        Census Bureau 2012         For coal mining,
oil and gas           Economic Census, NAICS     EIA U.S.
                      Sector 21, Mining          Coal Supply
                                                 and Demand
                                                 in Review;
                                                 for uranium,
                                                 EIA Uranium
                                                 Marketing
                                                 Annual Report;
                                                 for all other,
                                                 U.S. Geological
                                                 Survey (USGS)
                                                 Mineral Commodity
                                                 Summaries and
                                                 Mineral Industry
                                                 Survey
Support               Census Bureau 2012         For mining
activities            Economic Census,           exploration, trade
for mining            NAICS Sector 21,           source data
                      Mining                     on drilling costs
                                                 and footage
                                                 drilled; all
                                                 other support
                                                 activities,
                                                 USGS Mineral
                                                 Commodity
                                                 Summaries
Utilities
                      For electric power         For electric
                      generation, transmission,  power generation
                      and distribution;          transmission
                      natural
                      gas distribution; and      and distribution,
                      water, sewage, and         EIA forms 861
                      other systems, Census      and 861M;
                      Bureau 2012 Economic       for natural
                      Census, NAICS Sector       gas distribution,
                      22 Utilities; for          EIA form 176
                      electric
                      power and natural gas      and Natural
                      distribution U.S.          Gas Monthly;
                      Department of              for water,
                      Energy EIA                 sewage and
                                                 other systems,
                                                 Census Bureau
                                                 Service Annual
                                                 Survey (SAS)
Construction
Residential           Census Bureau Value        Census Bureau
                      of Construction Put        VIP survey
                      in Place (VIP) survey

Nonresidential        Census Bureau              Census Bureau
                      VIP survey                 VIP survey,
                                                 U.S. Department
                                                 of Defense (DOD)
                                                 expenditures, USDA
                                                 expenditures,
                                                 and BLS occupational
                                                 employment statistics

Manufacturing
                      Census Bureau              Census Bureau Annual
                      2012 Economic              Survey of Manufactures
                      Census, NAICS              data, M3 shipments
                      Sector 31-33,              and inventories data,
                      Manufacturing;             nonemployer survey
                      Census Bureau              data, EIA production
                      2012 Current               data, Federal Reserve
                      Industrial                 Bank (FRB) data,
                      Reports                    and BLS PPI
Wholesale trade
                      Census Bureau              Census Bureau monthly
                      2012 Economic              wholesale trade
                      Census, NAICS              survey data and
                      Sector 42,                 annual wholesale trade
                      Wholesale Trade;           survey data
                      Census Bureau
                      2012 Annual
                      Wholesale
                      Trade Survey
Retail trade
                      Census Bureau 2012         Census Bureau monthly
                      Economic Census,           retail trade survey
                      NAICS Sector 44-45,        data and annual
                      Retail Trade; Census       retail trade survey
                      Bureau 2012 Annual         (ARTS) data
                      Retail Trade Survey
Transportation
and warehousing
Air transportation    Census Bureau, 2012        Census Bureau SAS
                      Economic Census,           data; DOT BTS
                      NAICS Sector 48-49,        Air Carrier Financial
                      Transportation and         Statistics (ACFS) and
                      Warehousing;U.S.           U.S. Air Carrier
                      Department of              Traffic Statistics
                      Transportation
                      (DOT) Bureau of
                      Transportation
                      Statistics (BTS)
Rail transportation   For rail passenger,        For rail passenger,
                      Amtrak Annual              Amtrak Annual
                      Report; for rail           Report; for rail
                      freight, DOT               freight, DOT STB
                      Surface                    selected earning data
                      Transportation
                      Board (STB)
                      selected earning data
Water transportation  Census Bureau, 2012        Census Bureau
                      Economic Census,           SAS data
                      NAICS Sector 48-49,
                      Transportation and
                      Warehousing
Truck transportation  Census Bureau,             Census Bureau
                      2012 Economic              SAS data
                      Census, NAICS
                      Sector 48-49,
                      Transportation and
                      Warehousing
Transit and           Census Bureau,             Census Bureau
ground passenger      2012 Economic              SAS data
transportation        Census, NAICS
                      Sector 48-49,
                      Transportation
                      and Warehousing
Pipeline              Census Bureau, 2012        Census Bureau
transportation        Economic Census,           SAS data
                      NAICS Sector
                      48-49, Transportation
                      and Warehousing
Other transportation  Census Bureau,             Census Bureau
and support           2012 Economic              SAS data
activities            Census, NAICS
                      Sector 48-49,
                      Transportation and
                      Warehousing
Warehousing           Census Bureau,             Census Bureau
and storage           2012 Economic              SAS data
                      Census, NAICS
                      Sector 48-49,
                      Transportation
                      and Warehousing
Information
Publishing            Census Bureau,             Census Bureau
industries,           2012 Economic              SAS data
except Internet       Census, NAICS
(includes             Sector 51,
                      Information.
software)
Motion picture        Census Bureau,             Census Bureau
and sound             2012 Economic              SAS data
recording             Census, NAICS
industries            Sector 51,
                      Information
Broadcasting and      Census Bureau,             Census Bureau
telecommunications    2012 Economic              SAS data
                      Census, NAICS
                      Sector 51,
                      Information
Data processing,      Census Bureau,             Census Bureau
Internet publishing,  2012 Economic              SAS data
and other             Census, NAICS
information           Sector 51,
services              Information
Finance and
insurance
Federal Reserve       Census Bureau,             Census Bureau
banks, credit         2012 Economic              SAS
intermediation,       Census,                    data; FDIC
and related           NAICS                      commercial
activities            Sector 52, Finance         bank call
                      and Insurance;             report data;
                      Internal                   FRB data;
                      Revenue                    National
                      Service [IRS)              Credit Union
                      Statistics of              Administration;
                      Income                     and
                      (SOI); FRB 2012            NIPA measures
                      annual report;             of financial
                      and                        services
                      Federal Deposit            indirectly
                      Insurance                  measured
                      Corporation
                      (FDIC),
                      2012
                      Statistics
                      on Banking
Securities,           Census Bureau,             Security
commodity             2012 Economic              Exchange
contracts, and        Census, NAICS              Commission
investments           Sector 52,                 Financial
                      Finance                    and Operational
                      and Insurance;             Combined
                      IRS SOI;                   Uniform Single
                      and New                    Report
                      York Stock                 data and Census
                      Exchange, 2012             Bureau SAS data
                      Annual Report
Insurance carriers    AM Best                    For property
and related           Company                    and casualty
activities            statistics;                insurance,
                      Census                     life insurance,
                      Bureau                     and reinsurance,
                      2012 Economic              AM Best
                      Census,                    Company
                      NAICS                      statistics and Census
                      Sector 52,                 Bureau SAS;
                      Finance                    for medical an
                      and Insurance;             hospitalization
                      American                   insurance, private
                      Council of                 trade source data
                      Life Insurers,             and BEA NIPA
                      Handbook;                  statistics on
                      BEA NIPA                   medical
                      statistics on              and hospital
                      medical and                insurance
                      hospital                   premiums
                      insurance
                      premiums
Funds,                NIPA imputed               NIPA imputed
trusts, and           service charges            service charges for
other                 for other                  other financial
financial             financial                  institutions
vehicles              institutions
Real estate and
rental and
leasing
Real estate           Census Bureau,             For residential
                      2012 Economic              dwellings, NIPA
                      Census,                    housing data and
                      NAICS Sector               USDA data on farm
                      53, Real                   housing; for
                      estate and                 nonresidential
                      rental and                 structures, IRS
                      leasing; For               tabulations of
                      residential                business tax returns,
                      dwellings,                 NIPA rental value of
                      NIPA housing               buildings owned by
                      data and                   nonprofit institutions
                      USDA                       serving households, and
                      data on farm               NIPA foreign trade
                      housing; for               statistics
                      nonresidential
                      structures, IRS
                      tabulations of
                      business tax
                      returns, NIPA
                      rental value
                      of buildings
                      owned by
                      nonprofit
                      institutions
                      serving
                      households,
                      and NIPA
                      foreign
                      trade
                      statistics
Rental and            Census Bureau,             For rental and leasing
leasing               2012 Economic              services, Census Bureau
services              Census, NAICS              SAS data; for
and lessors           Sector 53,                 royalties, IRS
of intangible         Real estate and            tabulations of business
assets                rental and                 tax returns
                      leasing; for
                      royalties, IRS
                      tabulations of
                      business
                      tax returns
Professional,
scientific, and
technical
services
Legal services        Census Bureau,             Census Bureau
                      2012 Economic              SAS data and BLS
                      Census, NAICS              Quarterly Census
                      Sector 54,                 of Employment
                      Professional,              and Wages
                      Scientific,                (QCEW) data
                      and Technical
                      Services
Computer systems      Census Bureau,             Census Bureau
design and            2012 Economic              SAS data
related services      Census, NAICS
                      Sector 54,
                      Professional,
                      Scientific, and
                      Technical Services
Miscellaneous         Census Bureau,             Census Bureau
professional,         2012 Economic              SAS data,
scientific and        Census, NAICS              NIPA PCE,
technical services    Sector 54,                 BLS QCEW data,
                      Professional,              and NIPA research
                      Scientific, and            and development
                      Technical Services         (R&D) data
Management
of companies
and enterprises
                      Census Bureau,             BLS QCEW data
                      2012 Economic
                      Census, NAICS
                      Sector 55,
                      Management of
                      Companies and
                      Enterprises
Administrative
and waste
management
services
                      Census Bureau,             Census Bureau
                      2012 Economic              SAS data; BLS
                      Census, NAICS              QCEW
                      Sector 56,                 for auxiliary
                      Administrative             industries
                      and Support
                      and Waste
                      Management and
                      Remediation
                      Services
Educational
services
                      Census Bureau, 2012        PCE data for
                      Economic Census,           education
                      NAICS Sector 61,           services based
                      Educational Services;      on data
                      U.S. Department of         from the
                      Education, National        Department
                      Center for Education       of Education
                      Statistics, 2012           and data
                      Digest of Education        from BLS
                      Statistics                 consumer
                                                 expenditure
                                                 survey
Health care and
social assistance
                      Census Bureau,             Census
                      2012 Economic              Bureau
                      Census, NAICS              SAS data
                      Sector 62, Health
                      Care and Social
                      Assistance
Arts,
entertainment,
and recreation
                      Census Bureau, 2012        Census Bureau
                      Economic Census,           SAS data
                      NAICS Sector 71,
                      Arts, Entertainment,
                      and Recreation
Accommodation
and food
services
Accommodations        Census Bureau,             For hotels and
                      2012 Economic              motels, PCE;
                      Census, NAICS              for all other
                      Sector 72,                 traveler
                      Accommodation              accommodations
                      and Food Services          and bed and
                                                 breakfasts,
                                                 BLS QCEW
                                                 data
Food services and     Census Bureau,             Census Bureau
drinking places       2012 Economic              ARTS data
                      Census, NAICS
                      Sector 72,
                      Accommodation
                      and Food Services
Other services,
except
government
                      For religious,             For religious,
                      grant making, civic        grant making,
                      and other nonprofit        civic and other
                      services; personal         nonprofit services,
                      services and dry           personal services,
                      cleaning services;         and dry cleaning
                      and repair and             services, Census
                      maintenance:               Bureau SAS data,
                      2012 Economic              PCE, and data
                      Census taxable             from the National
                      revenue & tax-exempt       Center for
                      expenses, National         Charitable
                      Economic Accounts          Statistics; for
                      (NEA), PCE, NEA            repair and
                      Wages and Salaries;        maintenance,
                      for private household      BLS QCEW; for
                      services, PCE              private household
                                                 services, PCE
Federal
General               Federal Budget data;       NIPA government
government            Center for Medicare        expenditure statistics;
                      and Medicaid Services;     for federal structures,
                      BLS Current Employment     DOD investment
                      Statistics                 expenditures

Government            U.S. Postal Service        USPS receipts; EIA
enterprises           (USPS) receipts;           data for electric
                      EIA data for               utilities; FHA data;
                      electric utilities;        government agency
                      Federal Housing            data for specific
                      Administration (FHA)       federal enterprises
                      data; federal government
                      agency reports for
                      specific federal
                      enterprises.
State and local
General               Census Bureau,             NIPA government
government            2012 Census of             expenditure statistics
                      Governments;
                      Census Bureau, 2012
                      Government Finances;
                      Census Bureau, 2012
                      Public Employment
Government            Census Bureau,             NIPA statistics on
enterprises           2012 Census of             government
                      Governments; Census        enterprises
                      Bureau, 2012 Government    based on the
                      Finances; Census           Census
                      Bureau, 2012 Public        Bureau annual
                      Employment;                survey of
                      Alaska Railroad            government
                      Administration data        finances; for
                      for Alaskan ferries,       Alaskan ferries,
                      watersports, and           watersports,
                      airports; for electric     and airports,
                      utilities, EIA             Alaska Railroad
                      data; for state and        Administration;
                      local government           for electric
                      structures, Census         utilities, EIA
                      Bureau VIP survey          data; for state
                                                 and local
                                                 government
                                                 structures,
                                                 Census Bureau
                                                 VIP survey

Industry and           Source for price indexes
commodity
Agriculture,
forestry, fishing,
and hunting

Farms                  NIPA prices based
                       on USDA price
                       indexes received by
                       farmers; Bureau of
                       Labor Statistics (BLS)
                       Producer Price Index
                       (PPI) data
Forestry, fishing,     BLS PPI, NIPA
and related            Personal Consumption
activities             Expenditure (PCE)
                       prices, USDA/National
                       Agricultural Statistics
                       Service
                       unit prices
Mining
Oil and gas            BLS PPI and EIA
extraction
Mining, except         EIA, USGS, and
oil and gas            BLS PPI
Support                EIA, USGS,
activities             BLS PPI, and
for mining             trade sources
Utilities
                       BLS Consumer
                       Price Index (CPI)
                       and BLS PPI
Construction
Residential            Census Bureau price
                       deflator for new
                       single-family houses
                       under construction
                       and BEA
                       prices for multi-family
                       home construction
Nonresidential         BLS PPI and
                       BEA composite
                       prices based on
                       trade source data
                       and on the Census
                       Bureau price deflator
                       for single-family
                       houses under
                       construction
Manufacturing
                       BLS PPI and NIPA
                       prices based on DOD
                       prices paid for military
                       equipment, and
                       NIPA hedonic
                       prices
Wholesale trade
                       BLS PPI and
                       NIPA sales
                       deflators
Retail trade
                       BLS PPI and
                       NIPA sales
                       deflators
Transportation
and warehousing
Air transportation     BLS PPI
Rail transportation    BLS PPI
Water transportation   For freight, BLS
                       PPI; for passenger,
                       BLS CPI
Truck transportation   BLS PPI
Transit and            NIPA personal
ground passenger       consumption
transportation         expenditure
                       (PCE) prices
Pipeline               BLS PPI
transportation
Other transportation   BLS PPI and
and support            NIPA PCE
activities             prices
Warehousing            BLS PPI
and storage
Information
Publishing             BLS PPI
industries,            and BEA price
except Internet        indexes for
(includes              software
software)
Motion picture         NIPA PCE
and sound              prices
recording
industries
Broadcasting and       BLS PPI
telecommunications
Data processing,       BLS PPI and
Internet publishing,   NIPA PCE
and other              prices
information
services
Finance and
insurance
Federal Reserve        FRB-priced
banks, credit          services and
intermediation,        NIPA PCE prices
and related
activities
Securities,            BLS PPI and
commodity              NIPA PCE
contracts, and         prices
investments
Insurance carriers     BLS PPI and
and related            NIPA PCE
activities             prices
Funds,                 NIPA PCE prices
trusts, and
other
financial
vehicles
Real estate and
rental and
leasing
Real estate            For residential
                       dwellings, NIPA PCE
                       prices and NIPA
                       implicit price
                       deflators for
                       farm rents paid; for
                       nonresidential
                       structures, BLS PPI;
                       for real estate
                       managers and
                       agents, BLS
                       PPI and trade
                       source data
Rental and             BLS PPI,
leasing                BTS and
services               construction index,
and lessors            mining, crude oil
of intangible          receipts, and trade
assets                 source data
Professional,
scientific, and
technical
services
Legal services         BLS PPI and
                       NIPA PCE
                       prices
Computer systems       BEA price
design and             indexes for
related services       software
Miscellaneous          BLS PPI, NIPA
professional,          PCE prices,
scientific and         and BEA price
technical services     indexes for
                       R&D
Management
of companies
and enterprises
                       BLS PPI
Administrative
and waste
management
services
                       BLS PPI and
                       NIPA PCE
                       prices
Educational
services
                       NIPA PCE prices
Health care and
social assistance
                       BLS PPI and
                       NIPA PCE
                       prices
Arts,
entertainment,
and recreation
                       NIPA PCE prices
Accommodation
and food
services
Accommodations         BLS PPI and
                       NIPA PCE
                       prices
Food services and      BLS PPI
drinking places
Other services,
except
government
                       BLS PPI and
                       NIPA PCE
                       prices
Federal
General                NIPA prices
government             based on BLS PPI and
                       CPI; for military
                       facilities, DOD
                       data on employment,
                       prices for military
                       construction, and
                       construction cost
                       indexes from trade
                       source data
Government             BLS PPI
enterprises
State and local
General                BLS PPI and
government             NIPA PCE
                       prices
Government             BLS PPI
enterprises

ARTS Annual retail trade survey
BEA Bureau of Economic Analysis
BLS Bureau of Labor Statistics
BTS Bureau of Transportation Statistics
CPI Consumer Price Index
DOD Department of Defense
DOT Department of Transportation
EIA Energy Information Administration
ERS Economic Research Service
FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FHA Federal Housing Administration
FRB Federal Reserve Board
IRS Internal Revenue Service
M3 Manufacturers' Shipments,
Inventories, and Orders
NAICS North American Industry
Classification System
NEA National Economic Accounts
NIPAs National Income and Product Accounts
NOAA National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration
PCE Personal Consumption Expenditure
PPI Producer Price Index
QCEW Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages
R&D Research and development
SAS Service Annual Survey
SOI Statistics of Income
STB Surface Transportation Board
USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture
USGS U.S. Geological Survey
USPS U.S. Postal Service
VIP Value of Construction Put in Place Survey

Table B. Principal Data Sources and Methods for Intermediate Inputs and
Value Added

Source data and methods used in 2012 benchmark year
Intermediate inputs (1)
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
Inputs to the agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting industries
were estimated from U.S. Department of Agriculture 2012 Census of
Agriculture or by extrapolating 2007 benchmark 1-0 estimates.
Mining
Inputs to the mining industries were estimated primarily from the 2012
Economic Census mining sector reports. Detailed expense data used to
estimate intermediate inputs included accounting, auditing, and
bookkeeping services; advertising and promotional expenses;
communication services; legal services; purchased electricity;
purchased fuels consumed; rental payments for buildings and other
structures; rental payments for machinery and equipment; supplies used
and minerals received; and all other operating expenses.
Construction
Inputs to the construction industries were estimated primarily from
2012 Economic Census construction data.
Manufacturing
Inputs to the manufacturing industries were estimated primarily from
the 2012 Economic Census manufacturing sector reports. Detailed expense
data used to estimate intermediate inputs included accounting,
auditing, and bookkeeping services; advertising and promotional
services; communication services; legal services; management consulting
and administrative services; materials, parts, containers, packaging,
etc, used; purchased computer services; purchased electricity;
purchased fuels; refuse removal services; rental payments for buildings
and other structures; rental payments for machinery and equipment;
repair and maintenance services of buildings and/or machinery; and all
other operating expenses. Inputs were also interpolated using the 2007
benchmark 1-0 estimates and Annual Survey of Manufactures data.
Wholesale trade, retail trade, and accommodation and food services
Inputs to the wholesale, retail trade, and accommodation and food
services industries were estimated primarily from the Census Bureau
2012 Annual Wholesale Trade Survey (AWTS) and Annual Retail Survey
(ARTS) quinquennial Business Expenditure Series. Detailed expense data
used to estimate intermediate inputs included packaging materials and
containers; data processing and other purchased computer services;
communication services; repairs and maintenance to machinery and
equipment; repairs and maintenance to buildings, structures, and
offices; rental payments for machinery and equipment; rental payments
for buildings, offices, stores; purchased electricity; purchased fuels
(except motor fuels); water, sewer, refuse removal, and other utility
payments; purchased transportation, shipping and warehousing services;
purchased advertising and promotional services; and purchased
professional and technical services. Inputs were also interpolated
using the 2007 benchmark 1-0 estimates.
Services, transportation and warehousing, and utilities
For selected census-covered industries, information from the 2012
Service Annual Survey (SAS) on operating expenses was used. Detailed
expense data used to estimate intermediate inputs included materials,
parts and supplies (not for resale); purchased electricity; purchased
fuels (except motor fuels); rental payments for machinery, equipment
and other tangible items; rental payments for buildings, structures,
and land; repairs and maintenance to machinery and equipment; repairs
and maintenance to buildings, structures, and offices; advertising and
promotional services; printing services; data processing and other
purchased computer services; communication services; water, sewer,
refuse removal and other utilities; professional and technical
services; and all other operating expenses.
For industries not covered by census, inputs were estimated from a
variety of sources, including data from the 2012 SAS on operating
expenses, and data from Amtrak, Department of Transportation Surface
Transportation Board, Alaska Rail, Department of Energy, and Federal
Reserve Board.
Value added
Compensation of employees
Tabulations of wages and salaries from the Bureau of Labor Statistics
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) program, and estimates
of supplements to wages and salaries from the National Income and
Product Accounts (NIPAs] were used; data were adjusted for misreporting
and 1-0 industry definitions.
For industries not covered by the QCEW, payroll data from the 2012
Economic Censuses were used; data were adjusted for misreporting and
1-0 industry definitions. Benefits data were based on the relationship
between the Economic Census, SAS, and Business Expenses Supplement
reported benefits and payroll data, applied to the 2012 QCEW wage and
salary data. For the remaining industries, benefits were estimated
using indirect techniques.
All estimates were adjusted to balance to total compensation by
industry in the NIPAs.
Taxes on production and imports less subsidies
The estimates by industry were prepared in two parts: For excise and
general sales taxes, the values were estimated either as part of each
industry's output or directly assigned; for other taxes, assessments
and license fees, the estimates were distributed on the basis of a
variety of source data, including state government tax collections
statistics, the Annual Survey of Manufactures, ARTS, AWTS and SAS. For
all other tax liabilities, estimates were distributed to industries
using indirect techniques. Subsidies are directly assigned to specific
industries based on which industry is collecting the subsidy.
All estimates were adjusted to balance to total taxes on production and
imports less subsidies, by industry in the NIPAs.
Gross operating surplus
For most industries, gross operating surplus reflects a
quality-weighted average of a residual estimate (total industry output
less total intermediate inputs, compensation of employees, and taxes on
production and imports, less subsidies] and a direct-estimate based on
summing up the components of gross operating surplus from the NIPAs,
adjusted to an establishment basis. (2)

ARTS Annual Retail Survey
AWTS Annual Wholesale Trade Survey
I-0 Input-Output
NIPAs National Income and Product Accounts
QCEW Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages
SAS Service Annual Survey
(1.) Estimates for intermediate inputs were adjusted during the process
of balancing commodity purchases across industries with commodity
output totals.
(2.) See Rassier, Howells III, Morgan, Empey and Roesch, "Integrating
the 2002 Benchmark Input-Output Accounts with the 2002 Annual Industry
Accounts," Survey of Current Business 87 (December]: 14-22.

Table C. Principal Data Sources for Quarterly Industry and Commodity
Output and Prices

Industry and commodity  Source data for                Source data for
                        current-dollar                 price indexes
                        statistics

Agriculture,
forestry, fishing,
and hunting
Farms                   Farm output from the           NIPA prices based
                        Bureau of Economic             on USDA price
                        Analysis (BEA) National        indexes received
                        Income and Product             by farmers
                        Accounts (NIPAs)
                        based on U.S. Department
                        of Agriculture (USDA)
                        Economic Research
                        Services (ERS) data
Forestry,               For forestry.                  BLS PPI and
fishing,                Federal Reserve                USDA National
and related             Board (FRB)                    Agriculture
                        industrial                     Statistics
activities              production index (IPI)         Services unit
                        and Bureau of Labor            prices
                        Statistics (BLS)
                        Producer Price
                        Index (PPI);
                        for fishing,
                        commercial fishery
                        landings data from
                        the National Oceanic
                        and Atmospheric
                        Administration
Mining
Oil and gas             FRB IPI and                    BLS PPI
extraction              BLS PPI
Mining,                 FRB IPI and                    BLS PPI
except oil              BLS PPI
and gas
Support activities      FRB IPI, BLS                   BLS PPI and
for mining              PPI, and NIPA                  NIPA prices
                        fixed investment               based on trade
                        in mining exploration          source data
                        based on trade source data
Utilities
                        For electric power             BLS Consumer
                        generation, transmission,      Price Index (CPI)
                        and distribution.              and BLS PPI
                        Energy Information
                        Association (EIA)
                        form 861M; for
                        natural gas distribution,
                        EIA form 857; for water,
                        sewage, and other
                        systems. Census
                        Bureau Quarterly
                        Services Survey (QSS)
Construction
Residential             NIPA fixed investment          Census Bureau
                        in structures based            price deflator
                        primarily on Census            for new
                        Bureau construction            single-family
                        spending (value-put-in-place)  houses under
                        survey                         construction and
                                                       BEA prices for
                                                       multi-family
                                                       home construction
Nonresidential          NIPA fixed investment          BEA composite
                        in structures based            prices based on
                        primarily on Census            trade source data
                        Bureau construction            an on data from
                        spending (value-put-in-place)  the Bureau of
                        survey                         Reclamation and
                                                       BLS PPI
Manufacturing
                        Census Bureau                  BLS PPI and NIPA
                        manufacturers'                 price indexes
                        shipments,                     based on
                        inventories,                   Department of
                        and other survey               Defense (DOD)
                        (M3) and NIPA                  prices paid for
                        electronic computer            military
                        shipments; for                 equipment, and
                        petroleum products,            NIPA hedonic
                        EIA production                 prices
                        data and BLS PPI
Wholesale trade
                        Census Bureau                  BLS PPI and NIPA
                        monthly wholesale              sales deflators
                        trade survey data
Retail trade
                        Census Bureau                  BLS PPI and NIPA
                        monthly retail                 sales deflators
                        trade survey data
Transportation
and warehousing
                        For air transportation,        For air
                                                       transportation,
                        NIPA personal                  BLS PPI; for
                        consumption                    rail, BLS PPI for
                        expenditures (PCE)             rail passenger
                        and Census Bureau              transportation
                        QSS data; for                  and BLS PPI for
                        rail transportation.           freight; water
                        Surface Transportation         transportation,
                        Board freight                  BLS PPI, BLS CPI,
                        earnings data;                 and trade source
                        for water, truck,              data; for truck
                         transit and ground            transportation,
                         passenger, pipeline           BLS PPI;
                         transportation, and           for transit and
                         warehousing.                  ground passenger
                         Census Bureau                 transportation,
                         QSS data                      NIPA PCE prices;
                                                       for pipeline
                                                       transportation,
                                                       BLS PPI; for
                                                       warehousing,
                                                       BLS PPI; for
                                                       other
                                                       transportation
                                                       and support
                                                       activities,
                                                       NIPA PCE prices
                                                       and BLS PPI
Information
                        Census Bureau                  For publishing
                        QSS data,                      industries
                        BLS quarterly                  (including
                        census of                      software), BEA
                        employment                     prices for
                        and wages                      software and BLS
                        (QCEW], and                    PPI; for
                        box office                     information and
                        revenues from                  data processing,
                        trade source                   NIPA PCE prices
                        data                           and BLS PPI
Finance and insurance
Federal Reserve         Census Bureau                  NIPA PCE prices
banks, credit           QSS data.
intermediation, and     Federal Deposit
related activities      Insurance
                        Corporation
                        commercial bank
                        call report data,
                        FBR data.
                        National Credit
                        Union Administration
                        data, and NIPA
                        measures
                        of financial
                        services indirectly
                        measured
Securities,             Census Bureau                  BLS PPI and
commodity               QSS data and                   NIPA PCE prices
contracts, and          Securities and
investments             Exchange
                        Commission
                        Financial and
                        Operational
                        Combined Uniform
                        Single Reports
Insurance carriers      NIPA PCE, Census               BLS PPI and NIPA
and related activities  Bureau QSS data,               PCE prices
                        and trade source data
Funds, trusts, and      NIPA PCE and                   NIPA PCE prices
other financial         NIPA imputed
vehicles                service charges
                        for other financial
                        institutions
                        Census Bureau,                 Census Bureau
                        2012 Economic                  SAS data
                        Census, North
                        American
                        Industry Classification
                        System Sector
                        51, Information
Real estate and
rental and leasing
Real estate             For residential                For residential
                        dwellings,                     dwellings,
                        NIPA PCE, NIPA                 NIPA PCE
                        housing data; for              prices and NIPA
                        nonresidential structures,     implicit price
                        NIPA government                deflators for
                        receipts, NIPA                 farm rents paid;
                        private fixed investment,      for
                        NIPA brokers'                  nonresidential
                        commissions, BEA               structures, BLS
                        foreign expenditures           PPI and NIPA
                        from the international         implicit
                        transactions accounts,         price deflators
                        and BLS QCEW                   for nonprofit
                        data                           imputed rents
Rental and leasing      For rental and                 BLS PPI and
services and lessors    leasing services.              NIPA prices
of intangible assets    Census Bureau
                        QSS data, NIPA
                        royalty income,
                        and NIPA PCE
                        rental income
Professional,
scientific, and
technical
services
                        Census Bureau                  For legal
                        QSS data,                      services, BLS PPI
                                                       and NIPA PCE
                        NIPA PCE                       prices; for
                        data, BLS                      computer systems
                        QCEW data,                     design and
                        and                            related services,
                        NIPA R&D data                  BEA price indexes
                                                       for software; for
                                                       miscellaneous
                                                       services, BLS
                                                       PPI, NIPA PCE
                                                       prices, and BEA
                                                       price index for
                                                       R&D
Management
of companies
and enterprises
                        BLS QCEW data                  BLS PPI
Administrative
and waste
management
services
                        Census Bureau                  BLS PPI and NIPA
                        QSS data                       PCE prices
                        and BLS
                        QCEW data
Educational
services
                        Census Bureau                  NIPA PCE prices
                        QSS data and                   based on trade
                        NIPA PCE data                  source data for
                                                       input costs
Health care
and social
assistance
                        Census Bureau                  For ambulatory
                        QSS data                       health care
                                                       services,
                                                       NIPA PCE prices
                                                       based on BLS CIP
                                                       and BLS PPI; for
                                                       hospitals and
                                                       nursing and
                                                       residential care
                                                       facilities, NIPA
                                                       PCE prices based
                                                       on BLS CPI and
                                                       Center for
                                                       Medicare and
                                                       Medicaid
                                                       Services; for
                                                       social
                                                       assistance, NIPA
                                                       PCE prices based
                                                       on trade source
                                                       data
Arts,
entertainment,
and recreation
                        Census Bureau QSS data         BLS PPI and
                                                       NIPA PCE prices
Accommodation
and food services
                        Census Bureau                  For
                        QSS data                       accommodations,
                                                       BLS PPI and
                                                       NIPA PCE prices;
                                                       for food
                                                       services, NIPA
                                                       PCE prices
Other services,
except
government
                        For repair and                 BLS PPI and NIPA
                        maintenance,                   PCE prices
                        personal services,
                        and grantmaking,
                        civic, professional,
                        and similar
                        organizations,
                        Census Bureau
                        QSS data; for
                        religious, labor,
                        and political
                        organizations,
                        NIPA PCE data;
                        for private
                        households, NIPA
                        compensation
Federal
General government      NIPA government                NIPA prices based
                        expenditures                   on BLS PPI, BLS
                        statistics                     CPI, DOD data
                                                       on employment
                                                       prices, BLS
                                                       employment cost
                                                       indexes, and
                                                       construction cost
                                                       indexes from
                                                       trade source data
Government              U.S. Postal Service            BLS PPI and
enterprises             quarterly reports,             NIPA PCE prices
                        EIA monthly
                        data for
                        electric utility
                        sales and revenue
                        data for publicly
                        owned utilities,
                        and NIPA PCE
                        data for broader
                        aggregates for other
                        components
State and local
General government      NIPA government                NIPA PCE prices
                        expenditures
                        statistics
Government              NIPA statistics                BLS PPI and
enterprises             on government                  NIPA PCE prices
                        enterprises
                        based on the
                        Census Bureau
                        annual survey
                        of government
                        finances; for
                        Alaskan ferries,
                        water ports, and
                        airports, Alaska
                        Railroad
                        Administration;
                        for electric utilities
                        EIA data; for
                        state and
                        local government
                        structures, Census
                        Bureau construction
                        spending
                        [value-put-in-place]
                        survey

BEA Bureau of Economic Analysis
BLS Bureau of Labor Statistics
CPI Consumer Price Index
DOD Department of Defense
EIA Energy Information Administration
ERS Economic Research Service
FRB Federal Reserve Board
IPI Industrial production index
M3 Manufacturers' Shipments, Inventories, a]
Orders
NAICS North American Industry Classification
System
NIPA National Income and Product Accounts
PCE Personal Consumption Expenditure
PPI Producer Price Index
QCEW Quarterly Census of Employment and
Wages
R&D Research and development
QSS Quarterly Services Survey
USDA United States Department of Agriculture