Introduction

The analysis of the EU vast legislation and documentation responds to the needs of the scientific community enabling the data comparison of the legislative sources. The present research focuses five health programmes launched by the European Commission in the period May 2012 - May 2016. The study not only involves the evaluation of the performance of the selected topics in the Commission Staff Working Documents, but it also investigates the data collected in various thematic areas of the analysis of health and human development. This research appears to enable a vital analysis to estimate the impact of health programmes effects in the EU. The present research presents a complex monitoring of the health and human development relevant terms in the period May 2012-May 2016 by mapping the impact of the policies and strategies within the EU institutional governance.

Problem statement

Interest in mapping health system, human development and related terms as a research tool for the EU policies has increased in the last ten years. The monitoring of the EU official documentation shows that the online tools vary on the type of the documentation, the interest of searching and the type of the health information. The objectives of the research are: i) to identify the core areas of the health programmes research taking into account the EU main policies and strategies launched in the period May 2012--May 2016; ii) to provide a research framework for addressing health and human development terms usability in the EU documentation. The major contributions of the research are: i) well-grounded themes of analysis and research objectives that are based on the monitoring of the Commission Staff Working Documents; ii) the proposal of a methodological framework conducted in collaboration with the themes of analysis and the relevant terms in the field of health system and human development in the selected period.

Literature review

The aim of this section is to review the latest researches in the field including: the monitoring of the public health system; the paths of the health communication, the health promotion policies and strategies; the challenges of the EU documentation. Particular objectives of the literature overview focus the following main objectives: i) the health information and the behavior on the web (focus on the determinants of the usage patterns, consumer professionals and the consequences of the internet use for the health communication) (Higgins, Sixsmith, Barry, Domegan, 2011); ii) the quality of the health information and the credibility of the websites assessing health topics by focusing on the content of the health data posting or "the national health initiatives" in order to ensure "system trust" (Platt, Jacobson, Kardia, 2018); iii) the recent studies enabling the analysis of the EU integration "with consequences for health" and the impact of the EU health care policies and strategies "on health care systems" (Greer, 2014); iv) the analysis framework of the European Commission focusing the monitoring of population, human capital and inclusion in the Social Agendas no 38 - no 47 (October 2014 - April 2017) (Olimid, Olimid, 2018); v) the EU regulatory framework of health and health services linking the EU institutions, the EU legislative process and the EU legal provisions in the field of the health programmes (Greer, Hervey, Mackenbach, McKee, 2013); vi) the health data and information "on consumer-oriented websites" for "specific patient populations" (Rew, Saenz, Walker, 2018); vii) the monitoring of the public health and the systematic review of the major topics including "community interventions" (Elliott, Crombie, Irvine, Cantrell, Taylor, 2004); viii) the linkage between the personal health, the health outcomes and the health education "designed to promote patient compliance" (Belcastro, Ramsaroop-Hansen, 2017); ix) the focus on the "population perspective" and the "public health" determinants (Berman, 2011).

Methodology

The methodology used to map the health and human development is described with regard to fifty-one terms used as keyword searches in five documents: i) SWD 1 entitled "Report on health inequalities in the European Union", Brussels, September 2013 SWD(2013) 328 final, Brussels, 09.2013; ii) SWD 2 entitled "Investing in Health accompanying the document Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, The Council, The European Economic and Social Committee and The Committee of the Regions, Towards Social Investment for Growth and Cohesion--including implementing the European Social Fund 2014-2020", SWD(2013) 43 final, Brussels, 20.2.2013; iii) SWD 3 "Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, The Council, The European Economic and Social Committee and The Committee of the Regions Ex-post Evaluation of the 2nd Health Programme 2008-2013 Decision No 1350/2007/EC establishing a second programme of Community action in the field of health (2008-13)", COM(2016) 243 final, Brussels, 10.5.2016; iv) SWD 4 entitled "Implementation of the Health Programme in 2010", SWD(2012) 142 final, Brussels, 23.5.2012; v) SWD 5 entitled "Implementation of the second Programme of Community action in the field of health in 2011", SWD(2013) 154 final, Brussels, 7.5.2013.

Data types and legislative sources

The study enables a content analysis of the European Commission documentation by encompassing a wide range of programmes in the field of health and human development as the health programmes industry have generated a large amount of information and data based on the EU legal provisions.

There have been important developments in the EU health legislation in the last ten years with impact on the health systems, healthcare management, particularly the health patient-centered approach. Five European Commission Staff Working Documents issued in the period May 2012-May 2016 are analyzed and discussed in this study.

The first document analyzed is entitled: "Report on health inequalities in the European Union", Brussels, September 2013 SWD(2013) 328 final and it overviews the processes and policies concerning the health inequalities framing the situation since 2000. The report highlights the engagement for "an equitable distribution of health" and future initiatives concerning the "social investment for growth and cohesion" (Report on health inequalities...., 2013). Moreover, the report addresses the "solidarity in health" and structures the factors and mechanisms governing the health progress as follows: the social development; the health data management; the social commitment; the needs for the vulnerable population; the impact of the EU health policies involving the network between the health systems and the social policies.

The second document is entitled "Investing in Health..." SWD(2013) 43 final, Brussels, 20.2.2013 and it establishes a four-policy framework by recognizing: 1) the role of the healthcare sector; 2) the value of health for the human capital and for the economic development; 3) the improvement of the health systems and the contribution of the human resources; 4) the health promotion and the investments in human capital by linking EU policy coordination, social protection and development cooperation.

The third document is entitled "Report ...Ex-post Evaluation of the 2nd Health Programme 2008-2013 Decision No 1350/2007/EC establishing a second programme of Community action in the field of health (2008-13)", Brussels, 10.5.2016 COM(2016) 243 final and it maps two objectives of the EU health programmes for the period 2008-2016: 1) the promotion of the "human health and safety" and 2) the monitoring and the evaluation of the public health.

The fourth document is entitled "Implementation of the Health Programme in 2010", Brussels, 23.5.2012 SWD(2012) 142 final and it focuses the health security, the health promotion and the health information. Moreover, the same document addresses the public health conditions and policies.

The fifth document is entitled "Implementation of the second Programmes of Community action in the field of health in 2011", Brussels, 7.5.2013 SWD(2013) 154 final and it also enables the joint actions of the health security, the health promotion and the health information and it illustrates the implementation of the health programme objectives.

Phases of the research methodology

The methodology of the research examines the frequency of the fifty-one selected terms in the above mentioned documents. The results reveal high attention to the selected terms within the European Union (EU) institutional governance enabling a seven-stage methodology roadmap here including:

- Stage 1. Preparation of the data sources (selected documents);

- Stage 2. Selection of the terms (fifty-one key terms networking health and human development as follows: health (T1); health systems (T2); diseases (T3); healthcare (T4); inequalities (T5); population(s) (T6); patient(s) (T7); citizens (T8); life expectancy (T9); policy (T10); action(s) (T11); national (T12); public health (T13); knowledge (T14); health inequalities (T15); health services (T16); health promotion (T17); EU health (T18); need(s) (T19); health policy (T20); ageing (T21); health strategy (T22); protection (T23); health risks (T24); human (T25); growth (T26); cohesion (T27); activity (T28); crisis (T29); health status (T30); life (T31); security (T32); exclusion (T33); behaviour(s) (T34); economic(s) (T35); EU (T36); Member States (T37); health programme (T38); young(er) (T39); health outcomes (T40); social (T41); poor (T42); prevention (T43); social protection (T44); education(al) (T45); training (T46); income (T47); information (T48); work(force, ing, er(s)) (T49); people (T50); vulnerable (T51);

- Stage 3. Defining of the themes of analysis (Theme of analysis 1. Core health indicators; Theme of analysis 2. Health policies and strategies; Theme of analysis 3. Human - public-health approach);

- Stage 4. Categorization of the key terms codes (Theme of analysis 1 including the terms: T1 - T17; Theme of analysis 2 including the terms T18-T34 and Theme of analysis 3 including the terms T35-T51) and the assessement of the five documents (content analysis);

- Stage 5. Presentation of results (key terms matching);

- Stage 6. Results comparison and sub-categorization of the terms (analysis of the results displayed in Table 1-3 and Charts 1-3 following the sub-categorisation of the terms: 1. High-frequency terms (more than 100 results); 2. Relative-high-frequency terms (between 50-99 results); 3. Medium-frequency terms (between 10-49 results); 4. Low-frequency terms (between 1-9 results); 5. No data (*) (0 results);

- Stage 7. Conclusions. (Diagram 1).

Another aspect of the methology requires the identification of the units of the analysis for the research of the working documents. Furthermore, the key codes (T1, T2, T3.... T51 in Diagram 1, Table1 1-3, Chart 1-3) are used to pinpoint each selected term and for the results to be easily verified. Other important element of the research tasks the identification of the legal documentation (SWD1 - 5) and of the terms having the highest priority for the health and human development research grouped in three thematic areas: Themes of analysis 1-3. In this direction, the terms are focused and discussed in greater detail by identifying the objectives and standards of the selected documents.

Diagram 1 also establishes a sharing health policy by displaying the themes of analysis and the corresponding health terms model. Moreover, Diagram 1 highlights a structural and functional health documentation monitoring and measurement. On the other hand, linking terms to the themes of analysis in the monitoring of the five selected Commission Staff Working Documents is a strategy that has enabled complex results and commentaries.

Research questions

The aim of the present research is to identify the health and human development terms related to the Commission Staff Working Documents, especially relating the three themes of analysis above mentioned. Formulating research questions can add value and clarity for the problem statement and the selecting themes of analysis. A quick overview of the research questions provides an interdisciplinary approach of the study relating the terms frequency, the health information, the human capital, the policy coordination, the health systems needs and the social protection. This research approach leads to an understanding of the health programmes components. There are six main questions mapped by the research: Q1. What are the most used terms in the EU documentation? Q2. What themes, policies and strategies are being assessed in this documentation? Q3. What changes are required to the legislative process or to the institutional governance to improve health and human development management within the EU framework? Q4. How can the existing legal provisions be coordinated in a determined period to reduce the programmes implementation gaps? Q5. What types of initiatives can be established at the EU level to enable effective and adequate health and human development programmes management? Q6. What changes are needed to planning and coordinating of the health programmes?

Research findings and discussion

The research findings of the health and human development terms increasingly emphasize the role of the legislative sources. To process data and information, the research target requires including three themes of analysis. By enabling these themes, the research focuses the role of the EU services and functionalities. Most of the research on the health system indicators, the health policies and strategies and the human - public-health approaches has focused on underlying system design for health data and information sharing and implementation. Each theme of analysis points the status and frequency of seventeen selected terms and it is structured as an inter-linked model obtained by merging the four levels of the terms frequency: high; relative-high level; medium and low frequency.

Theme of analysis 1: Core health system indicators

The theme of analysis 1: Core health system indicators shows the following results: 1. High-frequency terms (more than 100 results): T1 (health in SWD 1-5) and T5 (inequalities in SWD 1); T15 (health inequalities in SWD 1); 2. Relative-high-frequency terms (between 50-99 results): T4 healthcare (85 results in SWD 2); T11 (action(s)) in SWD 1 and SWD 5); 3. Medium-frequency terms (between 10-49 results): T2 (health systems in SWD 1, SWD 2); T3 (diseases in SWD 2); T4 (healthcare in SWD 1); T6 (population(s) in SWD 1 and SWD 2); T7 (patient(s) in SWD 4 and SWD 5); T12 (national in SWD 2, SWD 3, SWD 4, SWD 5); T13 (public health in SWD 2, SWD 4 and SWD 5); 4. Low-frequency terms (between 1-9 results): T2 (health in SWD 4 and SWD 5); T4 (healthcare in SWD 3, SWD 4 and SWD 5); T6 (population(s) in SWD 3, SWD 4 and SWD 5); T7 (patient(s) in SWD 3); T8 (citizen in SWD 2, SWD 3, SWD 4); T9 (life expectancy in SWD 2 and SWD 4) ; T13 (public health in SWD 3); T14 (knowledge in SWD 2, SWD 3, SWD 5); T16 (health services in SWD 2, SWD 3, SWD 4 and SWD 5); 5. No data (*) (0 results): T9 (life expectancy in SWD 3 and SWD 5).

Chart 1 also shows the health-agenda setting effects in that it designates the status of the high-frequency and relative-high-frequency terms such as: health, inequalities, healthcare, action(s). Moreover, Table 1 and Chart 1 intend to focus the medium-frequency terms by establishing the profile of the core health systems indicators: health systems in SWD 1 and SWD 2; diseases in SWD 2 and SWD 4); healthcare in SWD 1; population(s) in SWD 1 and SWD 2; patient(s) in SWD 4 and SWD 5; public health in SWD 2, SWD 4 and SWD 5.

Theme of analysis 2: Health policies and strategies

The theme of analysis 2: Health policies and strategies shows the following results: 1. High-frequency terms (more than 100 results): no results; 2. Relative-high-frequency terms (between 50-99 results): no results; 3. Medium-frequency terms (between 10-49 results): T18 (EU health in SWD 5); T19 (need(s) in SWD 1 and SWD 2); T21 (ageing in SWD 1 and SWD 2); T23 (protection in SWD 1); T25 (human in SWD 2); T26 (growth in SWD 1 and SWD 2); T30 (health status in SWD 1 and SWD 2); T31 (life in SWD 22); 4. Low-frequency terms (between 1-9 results): T18 (EU health in SWD 3, SWD 4 and SWD 5); T20 (health policy in SWD 1, SWD 2, SWD 3, SWD 4 and SWD 5); 5. No data (*) (0 results): T23 (protection in SWD 4 and SWD 5); T26 (growth in SWD 4 and SWD 5); T27 (cohesion in SWD 5); T29 (crisis in SWD 3 and SWD 4; T33 (exclusion in SWD 3, SWD 4 and SWD 5); T34 (behaviour(s)) in SWD 3, SWD 4 and SWD 5).

For the purpose of monitoring the terms relevant for the health policies and strategies, Table 2 and Chart 2 present the terms codes from T18 to T34 and suggest that the terms and the area of research differ from health status to health risks and from health policy to the areas of protection and cohesion. Moreover, Table 2 and Chart 2 suggest the fundamental challenges of the health policies and programmes in the selected period: exclusion, health risks, ageing and crisis. The same results point the important role of the following terms: security (SWD 1-5), life (SWD 1-5) and need(s) (SWD 1-5).

Theme of analysis 3: Human - public-health approach

The theme of analysis 3: Human - public-health approach shows the following results: 1. High-frequency terms (more than 100 results): T36 (EU in SWD 1, SWD 2, SWD 4 and SWD 5); T41 (social in SWD 1); 2. Relative-high-frequency terms (between 50-99 results): T35 (economic(s) in SWD 2); T36 (EU in SWD 3); 3. Medium-frequency terms (between 10-49 results): T37 (Member States in SWD 2, SWD 3, SWD 4 and SWD 5); T38 (health programme in SWD 2, SWD 3, SWD 4 and SWD 5); T40 (health outcomes in SWD 2); T41 (social in SWD 2); T42 (poor in SWD 1 and SWD 5); T43 (prevention in SWD 2 and SWD 4); 4. Low-frequency terms (between 1-9 results): T40 (health outcomes in SWD 1); T41 (social in SWD 3 and SWD 4); T45 (education(al) in SWD 3, SWD 4, SWD 5); T46 (training in SWD 2, SWD 3, SWD 4 and SWD 5) 5. No data (*) (0 results): T44 (social protection in SWD 3, SWD 4 and SWD 5); T47 (income in SWD 3, SWD 4, SWD 5); T50 (people SWD 3 and SWD 5); T51 (vulnerable in SWD 3 and SWD 5).

Table 3 and Chart 3 outline the human - public-health approach by suggesting future health programme priorities, developing indicators and social protection processes. Other important topics (EU and social aspects) specify the inner coordination of the health and human development outcomes providing an interdisciplinary approach of the research. In short, Table 3 and Chart 3 results are a step toward the health system-building and human capital involvement by addressing interrelated information in the field of: economy (T35 and T47); EU membership (T36 and T37); social networks (T41, T42, T44, T49, T50 and T51); youth and training (T39 and T46).

Conclusions

The present study researches the EU existing working documentation and identifies how the legal information and related topics are integrated into the health programmes in the period. The results of the research sample the high, relative-high, medium and low-frequency of the topics and make specific recommendations on the extent of the topics usage, the specific characteristics of the monitored documentation, the feasibility of the health and human capital programmes to enable social protection within the EU framework. Theme of analysis 1 introduced the core health systems terms and justified the research of the health and human development terms by pointing a range of key topics: health, health systems, healthcare, population, health inequalities. Theme of analysis 2 detailed the health policies and strategies and explored the conceptual challenges of the field: ageing, health risks, cohesion, crisis, security, exclusion. Theme of analysis 3 addresed both public health and human approaches to indicate a link between the usage of the terms: social, poor, prevention, young, people, vulnerable. Furthermore, the topics and the data monitoring from the five researched sources construct a health and human development map that relates all fifty-one terms and develops: 1) new understandings and approaches of the management policies in the field; 2) new assessments of the public health management and the EU programmes strategies; 3) new findings identifying health trends and priorities.

References:

Belcastro, P. A., Ramsaroop-Hansen, H. (2017). Addressing the Antinomy Between Health Education and Health Literacy in Advancing Personal Health and Public Health Outcomes. Journal of School Health, 87(12), 968-974. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12570.

Berman, M. L. (2011). From Health Care Reform to Public Health Reform. The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 39(3), 328-339. doi:10.1111/j.1748-720X.2011.00603.x.

Elliott, L., Crombie, I. K., Irvine, L., Cantrell, J., Taylor, J. (2004). The effectiveness of public health nursing: the problems and solutions in carrying out a review of systematic reviews. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 45, 117-125. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02873.x.

Higgins O., Sixsmith, J., Barry, M. M., Domegan, C. (2011). A literature review on health information-seeking behaviour on the web: a health consumer and health professional perspective. Stockholm: ECDC; 2011. Retrieved from: https://ecdc.europa.eu/sites/portal/files/media/en/publications/Publications/Literature%20review%20on%20health%20information-seeking%20behaviour%20on%20the%20web.pdf.

Greer, S. L., Hervey, T. K., Mackenbach, J. P., McKee, M. (2013). Health law and policy in the European Union. Health in Europe, 381(9872), 1135-1144.

Greer, S. L. (2014). The three faces of European Union health policy: Policy, markets, and austerity. Policy and Society, 33(1), 13-24. doi: 10.1016/j.polsoc.2014.03.001.

Platt, J. E., Jacobson, P. D., Kardia, S. L. (2018). Public Trust in Health Information Sharing: A Measure of System Trust. Health Serv Res, 53: 824-845. doi:10.1111/1475-6773.12654.

European Commission (2013). Commission Staff Working Document Report (SWD). "Report on health inequalities in the European Union", Brussels, September 2013 SWD(2013) 328 final, Brussels, 09.2013. Retrieved from: https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/social_determinants/docs/report_healthinequalities_swd_2013_328_en.pdf.

European Commission (2013). Commission Staff Working Document Report (SWD). "Investing in Health accompanying the document Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, The Council, The European Economic and Social Committee and The Committee of the Regions, Towards Social Investment for Growth and Cohesion - including implementing the European Social Fund 2014-2020", SWD(2013) 43 final, Brussels, 20.2.2013. Retrieved from: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/swd/com_swd(2013)0043_/com_swd(2013)0043_en.pdf.

European Commission (2016). Commission Staff Working Document Report (SWD). "Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, The Council, The European Economic and Social Committee and The Committee of the Regions Ex-post Evaluation of the 2nd Health Programme 2008-2013 Decision No 1350/2007/EC establishing a second programme of Community action in the field of health (2008-13)". SWD(2016) 243 final, Brussels, 10.5.2016. Retrieved from: https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/programme/docs/ex-post_2nd-hp-2008-13_comm-report_en.pdf.

European Commission (2012). Commission Staff Working Document Report (SWD). "Implementation of the Health Programme in 2010". SWD(2012) 142 final, Brussels, 23.5.2012. Retrieved from: https://ec.europa.eu/health//sites/health/files/programme/docs/implementation_2010_en.pdf

European Commission (2011). Commission Staff Working Document Report (SWD). "Implementation of the second Programme of Community action in the field of health in 2011". SWD(2013) 154 final, Brussels, 7.5.2013 Retrieved from: https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/programme/docs/implementation_2011_en.pdf.

Olimid A. P., Olimid D. A. (2018): Analysis Framework of the European Commission: Monitoring Population, Human Capital and Inclusion in the Social Agendas no 38 - no 47 (October 2014 - April 2017). Revista de 'tiinte Politice. Revue des Sciences Politiques, 2018, 58, 48-61.

Rew, L., Saenz, A., Walker, L. O. (2018). A systematic method for reviewing and analysing health information on consumer-oriented websites. J Adv Nurs., 2018, 74(9), 2218-2226.

Article Info

Received: October 05 2018

Accepted: October 28 2018

Anca Parmena Olimid (*) Daniel Alin Olimid (**)

(*) Associate Professor, Ph.d., University of Craiova, Faculty of Social Sciences, Political Sciences Specialization, Center of Post-Communist Political Studies (CEPOS/CESPO) (founding member); Email: parmena2002@yahoo.com.

(**) Lecturer, Ph.d., University of Craiova, Department of Biology-Environmental Engineering; Email: olimiddaniel@yahoo.com.

Table 1. Core health system indicators findings

                      SWD(2013)  SWD(2013)  SWD(2016)  SWD(2012)
Codes                 328 final  43 final   243 final  142 final
of the      Term      Brussels,  Brussels,  Brussels,  Brussels,
terms                  09.2013   20.2.2013  10.5.2016  23.5.2012
                        SWD 1      SWD 2      SWD 3      SWD 4

  T1       Health        421        305        101        225
  T2       Health         17         39        (*)          6
          systems
  T3      Diseases         8         25          8         74
  T4     Healthcare       18         85          3          5
  T5    Inequalities     160         18          4         13
  T6     Population       16         28          2          1
            (s)
  T7     Patient(s)        9         23          2         15
  T8     Citizen(s)       10          5          3          4
  T9        Life          35          5        (*)          2
         expectancy
 T10       Policy         34         26         17          9
 T11     Action(s)        72         17         45         44
 T12      National        28         13         10         33
           Public
 T13       health          7         13          4         38
 T14     Knowledge        10          7          7          9
 T15       Health        135          9          3         13
        inequalities
 T16       Health         20          6          1          1
          services
           Health          5         11          1         20
 T17     promotion

         SWD(2013)
Codes    154 final
of the   Brussels,
terms    7.5.2013
           SWD 5

  T1        210
  T2          5

  T3         17
  T4          2
  T5          8
  T6          7

  T7         13
  T8         11
  T9        (*)

 T10         19
 T11         65
 T12         36

 T13         28
 T14          4
 T15          8

 T16          3

             19
 T17

Source: Authors' own compilation based on the content analysis using
multi-source data of the: SWD 1 entitled "Report on health inequalities
in the European Union", Brussels, September 2013 SWD(2013) 328 final,
Brussels, 09.2013; SWD 2 entitled "Investing in Health accompanying the
document Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament,
The Council, The European Economic and Social Committee and The
Committee of the Regions, Towards Social Investment for Growth and
Cohesion - including implementing the European Social Fund 2014-2020",
SWD(2013) 43 final, Brussels, 20.2.2013; SWD 3 "Report from the
Commission to the European Parliament, The Council, The European
Economic and Social Committee and The Committee of the Regions Ex-post
Evaluation of the 2nd Health Programme 2008-2013 Decision No
1350/2007/EC establishing a second programme of Community action in the
field of health (2008-13)", COM(2016) 243 final, Brussels, 10.5.2016;
SWD 4 "Implementation of the Health Programme in 2010", SWD(2012) 142
final, Brussels, 23.5.2012; SWD 5 "Implementation of the second
Programme of Community action in the field of health in 2011",
SWD(2013) 154 final, Brussels, 7.5.2013.

Table 2. Health policies and strategies findings

Code of                 SWD(2013)  SWD(2013)  SWD(2016)  SWD(2012)
                        328 final  43 final   243 final  142 final
  the        Term       Brussels,  Brussels,  Brussels,  Brussels,
 terms                   09.2013   20.2.2013  10.5.2016  23.5.2012
                          SWD 1      SWD 2      SWD 3      SWD 4

  T18      EU health        9          7          5          1
  T19       Need(s)        40         19          7          8
  T20    Health policy      2          3          7          2
  T21       Ageing         15         19          2          1
            Health
  T22      strategy         2          1          1          1
  T23     Protection       17          2          1         (*)
  T24    Health risks       2          2         (*)         2
  T25        Human          5         12          1          8
  T26       Growth         14         22          4         (*)
  T27      Cohesion        16         16          1          1
  T28      Activity        11         11          2          6
  T29       Crisis          3          7         (*)        (*)
  T30    Health status     11         12          1         (*)
  T31        Life           6         37          2         13
  T32      Security         5          1          1          8
  T33      Exclusion        7          3         (*)        (*)
  T34    Behaviour(s)      13          3         (*)        (*)

Code of  SWD(2013) 154
             final
  the      Brussels,
 terms     7.5.2013
             SWD 5

  T18         15
  T19          1
  T20          1
  T21          4

  T22         (*)
  T23         (*)
  T24         (*)
  T25          5
  T26         (*)
  T27         (*)
  T28          6
  T29          1
  T30         (*)
  T31          4
  T32         15
  T33         (*)
  T34         (*)

Source: Authors' own compilation based on the content analysis using
multi-source data: SWD 1 entitled "Report on health inequalities in the
European Union", Brussels, September 2013 SWD(2013) 328 final,
Brussels, 09.2013; SWD 2 entitled "Investing in Health accompanying the
document Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament,
The Council, The European Economic and Social Committee and The
Committee of the Regions, Towards Social Investment for Growth and
Cohesion - including implementing the European Social Fund 2014-2020",
SWD(2013) 43 final, Brussels, 20.2.2013; SWD 3 "Report from the
Commission to the European Parliament, The Council, The European
Economic and Social Committee and The Committee of the Regions Ex-post
Evaluation of the 2nd Health Programme 2008-2013 Decision No
1350/2007/EC establishing a second programme of Community action in the
field of health (2008-13)", COM(2016) 243 final, Brussels, 10.5.2016;
SWD 4 "Implementation of the Health Programme in 2010", SWD(2012) 142
final, Brussels, 23.5.2012; SWD 5 "Implementation of the second
Programme of Community action in the field of health in 2011",
SWD(2013) 154 final, Brussels, 7.5.2013.

Table 3. Human - Public-health approach findings

                      SWD(2013)  SWD(2013)  SWD(2016)  SWD(2012)
Code                  328 final  43 final   243 final  142 final
           Term       Brussels,  Brussels,  Brussels,  Brussels,
terms                  09.2013   20.2.2013  10.5.2016  23.5.2012
                        SWD 1      SWD 2      SWD 3      SWD 4

 T35    Economic(s)       71         59         1           3
 T36        EU           383        197        83         250
 T37   Member States     106         30        34          16
          Health           9         12        19          20
 T38     programme
 T39     Young(er)         4          2        (*)          5
 T40      Health           4         15        (*)        (*)
         outcomes
 T41      Social         104         46         3           2
 T42       Poor           15          7        (*)        (*)
 T43    Prevention         7         20         1          27
 T44      Social          14          1        (*)        (*)
        protection
 T45     Education       143          7         1           1
           (al)
 T46     Training         13          2         3           8
 T47      Income          34         16        (*)        (*)
 T47    Information       21         10         6          54
           Work
 T49   (force, ing,       29         16        17          64
          er(s))
 T50      People          42         33        (*)         14
 T51    Vulnerable        23          7        (*)          1

       SWD(2013)
Code   154 final
       Brussels,
terms  7.5.2013
         SWD 5

 T35       10
 T36      267
 T37       11
           19
 T38
 T39      (*)
 T40      (*)

 T41       11
 T42       17
 T43      (*)
 T44      (*)

 T45        3

 T46        8
 T47      (*)
 T47        6

 T49       17

 T50      (*)
 T51      (*)

Source: Authors' own compilation based on the content analysis using
multi-source data of the: SWD 1 entitled "Report on health inequalities
in the European Union", Brussels, September 2013 SWD(2013) 328 final,
Brussels, 09.2013; SWD 2 entitled "Investing in Health accompanying the
document Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament,
The Council, The European Economic and Social Committee and The
Committee of the Regions, Towards Social Investment for Growth and
Cohesion - including implementing the European Social Fund 2014-2020",
SWD(2013) 43 final, Brussels, 20.2.2013; SWD 3 "Report from the
Commission to the European Parliament, The Council, The European
Economic and Social Committee and The Committee of the Regions Ex-post
Evaluation of the 2nd Health Programme 2008-2013 Decision No
1350/2007/EC establishing a second programme of Community action in the
field of health (2008-13)", COM(2016) 243 final, Brussels, 10.5.2016;
SWD 4 "Implementation of the Health Programme in 2010", SWD(2012) 142
final, Brussels, 23.5.2012; SWD 5 "Implementation of the second
Programme of Community action in the field of health in 2011",
SWD(2013) 154 final, Brussels, 7.5.2013.