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The Management Tools and Methods Application of the Organization to Environmental Protection.
Rusko, Miroslav ; Kralikova, Ruzena ; Mikulova, Monika 等
Table 1. Subject behaviour within the its own environmental
responsibility
Type of behavior
Intensity of Social and Social and
organization environmental duty environmental
involvement response
Emphasis on: Economic and Economic and
environmental environmental
legislative legislative
responsibility of an responsibility of an
organization organization
Type of behavior
Intensity of Social and
organization environmental
involvement sensitivity
Emphasis on: Economic,
environmental,
legislative, social
and public
responsibility of an
organization
Table 2. Systemization of basic approaches of and organization
towards environmental protection.
BASIC APPROACHES OF AN ORGANIZATION TOWARDS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Passive approach The organization practically does
[up arrow] not care about the issue of
environmental protection. (Note:
the state organizations may be
constrained towards pro-
environmental oriented activities
e.g. the availability of funds from
a central source, respectively
disinterest of competent bodies)
[down arrow] * Organization responds to the
Reactive approach development of environmental
legislation.
* Organization addresses issues of
environmental protection solely on
the ground to bring it into line
with regulatory measures
(legislative and sanctions) however
itself it does not proactively
[up arrow] seeks ways to minimize their
negative effects on the
environment.
VOLUN- [down arrow] Based on principles
TARY
APP- Prevention Wariness Integration
ROACH
Preventive Prevention Prevention Complex
approach of of evaluation
pollution secondary process,
of the unwanted ie the
[up arrow] environment objects, process in
(it is i.e. not question
cheaper only is
and more dangerous considered
effective and toxic integrally
than products in all
additionally stages and
remove it, effects of
resp. all
bears its environmental
consequences). impacts
that are
considered
inseparable
[down arrow] Organization One-sided
itself is commitments as
actively environmental
seeking ways in polluters
which the
impact of its Public
activities on voluntary
the environment programs, i.e.
can be reduced voluntary
environmental
solutions
initiated by
public
institutions
Negotiated
Voluntary agreements,
proactive i.e. voluntary
approach environmental
agreements
The
organization
builds
environmentally
oriented
management
approach (EMS/
EMAS, resp.
IMS) at all
levels of
organization
management.
This is based
on the
principles of
continuous
improvement, in
terms of own
active
environmental
policy, with
possible
application of
additional /
other
environmental
oriented tools.
The aim is to
be constantly
improving the
environmental
efficiency and
environmental
performance of
an
[up arrow] organization.
[down arrow] Organization Organization
itself is builds
Voluntary actively environmentally
proactive and seeking ways to oriented
sustainable align its management
management activities with approach at all
approach sustainable levels of
development management,
which is based
on the
principles of
continuous
improvement, in
terms of its
active
environmental
policy.
Using EST is
improving
environmental
efficiency and
environmental
performance of
an organization
in accordance
with the
paradigm of
sustainability.
Explanatory note: [up arrow] [down arrow]--no strict boundaries
exist between individual approaches, transition stages of
development.
Table 3. Examples of management tools and methods application
MANAGEMENT TOOLS AND METHODS APPLICATION
Passive * From historical point
approach
* Currently it is more issue of
legislation breach and ignorance
of legislative regulations
Reactive * Dilution of pollutants prior
approach their discharges into the
environment
* End technologies ("end of pipe"
technology), i.e. capture of
pollutants before they enter the
environment
* Concentration control of
pollutants prior their release into
the environment
* Execution of the so-called No
Waste (low-waste) technology
* Recycling technologies
VOLUN- Preventive * Various forms of cleaner
TARY approach strategies of production--Cleaner
APP- Production
ROACH
* Waste Reduction
* Waste Minimization
* Waste Reduction at the Source
* Reducing Pollution at the Source
* Pollution Prevention
* Eco-efficiency
Voluntary One-sided * Program
proactive commitments as Responsible
approach environmental Care
of polluters
Public * EMAS (Eco-
voluntary Management and
programs, i.e. Audit Scheme);
voluntary within EU
environmental
solutions * Environmental
initiated by evaluation and
public labelling of
institutions products,
national and
multinational
programs
Negotiated * Conventions
agreements, ("covenants")
i.e. voluntary
environmental * Individual
agreements public environ.
agreements
* Private
environ.
agreements
The * EMS
organization (Environmental
builds Management
environmentally Systems)
oriented
management: * EMAS (Eco-
EMS/EMAS, IMS. Management and
Continuous Audit Scheme)
improvement in
terms of own * EA--
active Environmental
environmental Audit
policy, with
application of * ER--
additional/ Environmental
other Reporting
environmental
oriented tools. * Environmental
Improving the evaluation and
environmental labelling of
efficiency and products: EL-
environmental -Eco-labelling
performance of
an * LCA--Life
organization. Cycle
Assessment;
Eco-balance
* Eco-design
* EPE--
Environmental
Performance
Evaluation
Voluntary Environmental tool mix based
proactive and on application of generic
sustainable approaches EMS/EMAS (resp.
management IMS), and other
approach environmentally oriented
approaches aimed at
application of EST especially
with the possible use of EL,
LCA, etc.