标题："Equality of Cossacks under the Law and the Wrong Distribution of Allowances and Duties in Fact": the Land-Use System of the Don and Kuban Cossack Villages in 1860–1890
摘要：The article is devoted to the evolution of the land-use system in the villages of the Don and Kuban Cossack Hosts in 1860–1890. Based on the materials of the State Archives of the Rostov Region, the State Archives of the Krasnodar Region and the Manuscripts Department of the Russian National Library, the author concludes that at this time there was a transition from the “free” land-use system to a share land-use system. The first of these systems, traditional for Cossack Hosts, assumed that each Cossack smells as much land as he wants. Since most of the Cossacks before 1860 engaged in cattle breeding, this system worked quite successfully, but its consequence was the strengthening of social inequality in the villages: the Cossacks, plowing large areas of land, quickly enriched themselves. Under these conditions, the government tried to protect the poor Cossacks by allowing them to lease their share according to the law to non-residents. This measure and the increase in land shortage in the villages led to a gradual transition of the Cossacks to a share land use system. However, as a result of mass delivery of shares to nonresident, the landlessness of not separate Cossack households, but Cossackvillages as a whole began: by 1899 about 20% of the village lands of Don Cossacks were transferred to nonresident leases.
关键词：Don Cossack Host; Kuban Cossack Host; the land-use system in the villages;
M.N;Kharuzin; N.N;Karmalin; N.A;Maslakovets.
