期刊名称：International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy
电子版ISSN：2146-4553
出版年度：2019
卷号：9
期号：2
页码：10-18
DOI：10.32479/ijeep.7376
出版社：EconJournals
摘要：The economic development of Saudi Arabia depends largely upon the receipts from the exports of crude oil being spent as government expenditure on growth needs. Saudi Arabia is included in the 'very high human development' category of UNDP. Using time series data from 1990 to 2016, the study finds that both government spending and oil exports are significant drivers of human development index (HDI) in Saudi Arabia. The study estimates that a 100 (million barrels) increase in oil production will increase the HDI with 4-percentage point. Similarly, a 1 percent increase in total government expenditure increases 10-percentage point in HDI. The study also reports that expenditure on education contributes the most to HDI. The study also finds an inverse relationship between health expenditure and economic growth. This finding resulted in a recommendation of streamlining the health sector. Finally, the study predicts that HDI index will be 0.94 by 2030.
其他摘要：A possibility to reduce costs incurred in both product manufacturing and energy consumption constitutes energy-efficient consumption at industrial enterprises. Manufacturers operating in various economic sectors adopt similar conceptual models of energy consumption, which allows developing a universal solution for modeling such processes. The central problem of modeling lies in finding an adequate objective function based on a sufficient set of parameters and characteristics of the efficiency of an enterprise’s power circuit. The article justifies the performance indicators of industrial enterprises’ power supply systems. The literature review proves that economic feasibility of energy efficiency is especially obvious if a massive modernization program is implemented. The estimates produced indicate that the largest portion of the potential energy savings is attributed to implementation of energy-saving projects in industrial buildings and other structures. We present a mathematical model designed to perform a comparative analysis of technical and economic features of two modernization scenarios of the heat and power supply system of an industrial enterprise circuit. Performing a simulation calculation based on performance aspects of Russian companies, the paper outlines the advantages of integrated modernization and analyzes the influence of various factors. The results reveal that there is an inverse correlation between specific heat consumption of buildings under thermal modernization and the length of the thermal network. As specific energy consumption in the thermal modernization scenario increases, the payback period for capital investments decreases. The effect of this dynamics is virtually proportional. Compared with total costs for various heat sources, the share of capital costs differs significantly; however, the share of running costs is dominant for all types of units. At the same time, the length of an enterprise’s heat circuit weakly affects the payback period of capital costs.
关键词：Energy efficiency; Industrial enterprise; Thermal modernization; Energy modeling.
其他关键词：Energy efficiency; Industrial enterprise; Thermal modernization; Energy modeling.
