期刊名称：International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues
电子版ISSN：2146-4138
出版年度：2019
卷号：9
期号：2
页码：41-47
DOI：10.32479/ijefi.7537
出版社：EconJournals
摘要：In today’s interconnected global economy, advertising plays a crucial role. Advertising, as the most effective marketing communication tool, generates informative value, consumer demand, company visibility, awareness to public, clear market positioning and economic vitality. According to most literature, a company which doesn’t neglect marketing obligations and specifically advertising, tends to protect and gain market share and creates a positive brand image and reputation. The present study has explored the relationship between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Advertising expenditures (ADspend) according to the development levels of countries. This relation has inspected with using Panel Granger Causality Test, which reformed by Dumitrescu ve Hurin (2012). After that, the study has focused on establishing whether there is a cointegration relationship between GDP and Advertising Expenditures in the selected groups of countries with different types of development levels.
关键词：Advertising; Advertising Expenditures; Panel data models
