出版社：Faculty of Humanities, Kaunas University of Technology
摘要：This paper describes a transient thermal model that accurately predicts the temperature of the open-rack mounted photovoltaic (PV) modules under varying atmospheric conditions. The PV module temperature is predicted by considering the thermal energy exchange between the PV module and its environment through the main heat transfer paths. The proposed thermal model has been validated by utilising data from the experiment: the temperature measurement of two identical PV modules operating in two different modes (open-circuit and full-load) was performed by means of three temperature sensors placed on the back surface of both PV modules. The model accuracy is 3 C of measured temperature values 100 % of the time under all conditions. The highest accuracy is obtained when the solar irradiance is subject to less fluctuation. The influence of the load level relative to the nominal power of the PV module on its temperature is hereby subject to consideration.
其他摘要：Objects with complex geometry need to be inspected quickly and reliably, therefore it is not practical to use fixed focus transducer, because of wave propagation effects. To mitigate the problem with the irregular shape, it is possible to use a phased array with applied delay laws. For calculating required delays, it is required to have an object model with known surface points and have an algorithm which calculates. This paper presents computing friendly analytic method which could be used in the case when the object model is given by lines or it is possible to calculate surface tangents. In this paper is assumed that geometry is approximated with B-splines. Results of the algorithm are verified with finite element method. DOI: 10.5755/j01.eie.25.2.23200
关键词：Ultrasound;Phased array;Delay law optimization;Focus;Complex geometry;Numerical simulation
